tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-13779088451715626442024-03-08T06:09:52.950-08:00Writing custom django admin commandsMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-18982753328959400392020-08-27T23:17:00.001-07:002020-08-27T23:17:09.538-07:00Free Essays on HomeHome : (hã'm) n. 1. a. A spot where one lives: living arrangement. b. A loft or house. 2. A family unit. 3. A position of starting point. 4. A territory, starting at a creature or plant. 5. the objective in a game as in baseball. 6. An organization for the individuals who need assistance or care syns: Abode, Digs, Dwelling, Habitation, House, Lodgings, Pad, Place,- adv. 1. At or toward home. 2. At the focal point of an objective. 3. To the heart or focus.- v. homed, hom-ing. 1. To get back. 2. To be guided to an objective electronically. To numerous the above definition is the thing that they accept is ââ¬Å"homeâ⬠in any case, to me ââ¬Å"homeâ⬠is my family. I was never special with having the option to live in one region sufficiently long to call it home. I don't have companions I have known from kindergarten or individuals who have known me for over 5 years. Rather, I am respected with the life of a military imp. My dad served our nation to keep its residents free and cheerful. In the process I have moved twenty two times in eighteen years. Numerous who believe the above definition to be genuine frequently wonder whether I lament this life. How might somebody lament the open doors this way of life opened to me. I had the option to move everywhere throughout the Morabito 2 world, meet individuals from all unique ethnic starting points, go to meals with heads of states at the white house, and work at Marine Land and The Astor Mansion. Despite the fact that I never had dear companions growing up I had one of the most supporting families on the planet. My family has remained together tossed a wide range of trails, the latest one being the Terrorist Attack on America. A plane flew into my fatherââ¬â¢s office at the Pennington, and my cousin died when the plane she was flying on collided with one of the World Trade Center towers. In spite of the fact that these assaults on our nation hit home, it likewise bound my family much closer than we were previously. Additionally, it was the help of my family and my history with moving so as often as possible that made the change to school simpler. ... Free Essays on Home Free Essays on Home Home : (hã'm) n. 1. a. A spot where one lives: living arrangement. b. A loft or house. 2. A family. 3. A position of cause. 4. A natural surroundings, starting at a creature or plant. 5. the objective in a game as in baseball. 6. An establishment for the individuals who need assistance or care syns: Abode, Digs, Dwelling, Habitation, House, Lodgings, Pad, Place,- adv. 1. At or toward home. 2. At the focal point of an objective. 3. To the heart or focus.- v. homed, hom-ing. 1. To get back. 2. To be guided to an objective electronically. To numerous the above definition is the thing that they accept is ââ¬Å"homeâ⬠in any case, to me ââ¬Å"homeâ⬠is my family. I was never advantaged with having the option to live in one zone sufficiently long to call it home. I don't have companions I have known from kindergarten or individuals who have known me for over 5 years. Rather, I am respected with the life of a military rascal. My dad served our nation to keep its residents free and cheerful. In the process I have moved twenty two times in eighteen years. Numerous who believe the above definition to be genuine regularly wonder whether I lament this life. How might somebody lament the open doors this way of life opened to me. I had the option to move everywhere throughout the Morabito 2 world, meet individuals from all unique ethnic causes, go to suppers with heads of states at the white house, and work at Marine Land and The Astor Mansion. Despite the fact that I never had dear companions growing up I had one of the most supporting families on the planet. My family has remained together tossed a wide range of trails, the latest one being the Terrorist Attack on America. A plane flew into my fatherââ¬â¢s office at the Pennington, and my cousin died when the plane she was flying on collided with one of the World Trade Center towers. In spite of the fact that these assaults on our nation hit home, it likewise bound my family significantly closer than we were previously. Likewise, it was the help of my family and my history with moving so much of the time that made the progress to school simpler. ... Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-55019001276808498752020-08-22T13:33:00.001-07:002020-08-22T13:33:22.570-07:00Professional Roles And Values Essay Example for FreeProficient Roles And Values Essay Nursing is administered by state sheets of nursing, explicit to the express that the medical caretaker is rehearsing in. These sheets look to characterize the extents of training specific to a particular arrangement of individuals, such enlisted medical caretakers, down to earth attendants, home wellbeing assistants, and so forth. The New Jersey State Board of Nursing directs things like applications, accreditation, charges, and proceeding with training necessities. It is administrative in nature. (NJ Board of Nursing, n.d.) As a work and conveyance nurture, the expert association that improves my training is AWHONN (Association of Womenââ¬â¢s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal medical attendants). Instead of the leading group of nursing which gives guidance to general nursing practices and techniques, AWHONN is explicit to my field. It gives ebb and flow explore, training openings, and clinical assets. (Awhonn.org, n.d.) A significant perspective in conveying nursing care is the nursing code of morals. The American Nurses Association (ANA) directs this code of morals. There are numerous moral ramifications in nursing care in each claim to fame. In obstetrics, one of my greatest moral difficulties is the subject of premature birth. Should a medicinal services supplier reserve the option to decline to participate in any clinical methodology? The nursing code of morals permits human services suppliers to apply scrupulous issue with this circumstance. Upright protest is permitted in circumstances where the ââ¬Å"action would damage some convey held good or moral incentive about good and bad (Odell, Abhyankar, Malcom, Rua, 2014). Another case of how the code of morals impacts my training is the security of the privileges of protection and classification. I am now and again given data from patients during the confirmation procedure that other relatives, even the dad of the infant, may not know. Things, for example, past premature births, explicitly transmitted ailments, and number of sexual accomplices are relevant in my treatment of the patient, yet are frequently not things that they might want imparted to the remainder of the family (Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2015). I trust one of the most significant qualities a medical attendant can have is that of patient promotion. Individuals are for the most part at their most powerless when they are wiped out and will be unable to enough backer for themselves. Another significant characteristics I would bring to an interdisciplinary group of medicinal services suppliers is regard, regard for the patient and their decisions, regard for my partners, however particularly when I can't help contradicting choices made by either. Joint effort is likewise a significant quality as a patientââ¬â¢s care is generally multi-disciplinary. At long last, obligation and responsibility are basic attributes when part of a group. Colleagues should have the option to believe the individuals they are working with. Unavoidably, botches are made and the genuine trial of an expert is the point at which they can claim up and assume liability for their wrongs. Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2015). There is a component in most nursing speculations that impacts my training. Dorothea E. Oremââ¬â¢s self-care hypothesis most resounds with my consideration of the maternity quiet. It includes physical, relational, mental, and social viewpoints. Since a large portion of the work patients I deal with are considered ââ¬Å"wellâ⬠patients with irrelevant clinical issues, the vast majority of my time is spent instructing and watching â⬠ensuring my patient can think about her kid once she leaves the medical clinic. This incorporates deciding the physical needs, yet in addition social and mental prosperity of mother and father or more distant family individuals engaged with the consideration of the newborn child. Another compelling figure in womenââ¬â¢s human services was Margaret Sanger. She established an association called the American Birth Control League, by and by known as Planned Parenthood. Sanger was a pioneer in the development to improve womenââ¬â¢s wellbeing through anti-conception medication and family arranging. A questionable move at that point, she dispersed flyers examining conception prevention, monthly cycle, and sexuality. She was additionally instrumental in the establishing of the principal conception prevention facility in the United States. Family arranging and anti-conception medication keep on being critical womenââ¬â¢s wellbeing activities (Wikipedia, 2015). Every day, I endeavor to make a sheltered, deferential condition for allâ of my patients. Advantage is characterized as ââ¬Å"the doing of dynamic goodness, benevolence, or noble cause, including all activities planned to profit othersâ⬠(beneficence, n.d.) while nonmaleficence is characterized as ââ¬Å"the moral rule of doing no harmâ⬠(nonmaleficence, n.d.). A model that epitomizes both of these qualities is in an ongoing patient who introduced to the medical clinic for acceptance of work. In the wake of doing an intensive history of earlier pregnancies, I decided the patient had a past cesarean area. This data didnââ¬â¢t consequently bar her from enlistment yet it would direct what acceptance strategy we would utilize. After further research and a solicitation of records from another organization, it was resolved that quiet really had a vertical uterine entry point, which isn't just a contraindication for acceptance yet additionally a contraindication for vaginally conveyance. In any event, we kept away from a crisis cesarean area, which could affect both the mother and infantââ¬â¢s life. As a maternity nurture, advantage is a piece of my day by day schedule, yet finishing on deficient, undocumented data was a moral choice I made to ensure the patient got legitimate consideration. References American Nurses Association, (2015). Relationship of Womenââ¬â¢s Health, Obstetrics, and Neonatal Nurses. (n.d.) Retrieved February 2, 2015, from https://www.awhonn.org/awhonn/content.do?name=10_AboutUs/10_AboutUs_landing.htm Value. (n.d.) Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). Recovered February 17 2015 from http://clinical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/value Code of Ethics for Nurses. (2015). Recovered January 28, 2015, from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses/Code-of-Ethics-For-Nurses.html Margaret Sanger. (2015, February 2). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Recovered 05:22, February 17, 2015, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Sangeroldid=645358719 New Jersey Board of Nursing Laws. (n.d.). Recovered February 1, 2015, from http://www.njconsumeraffairs.gov/nursing/nur_rules.htm nonmaleficence. (n.d.) Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. (2003). Recovered February 17 2015 from http://clinical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/nonmaleficence Odell, J., Abhyankar, R., Malcom, A., Rua, A. (2014). Principled complaint in wellbeing callings: A readerââ¬â¢s manual for the moral and social issues. Recovered February 1, 2015, from https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/3845/honest complaint short-diagram 20140201.pdf Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-31178971992886376852020-08-21T11:15:00.001-07:002020-08-21T11:15:25.929-07:00Bulimia NervosaBulimia nervosa is the dietary issue wherein an individual cleanses and gorges.? (bulimia nervosa resemble) The individual enduring with bulimia nervosa, eat a great deal of nourishment at once and attempt to dispose of nourishment utilizing purgatives, spewing or some of the time over-working out. Itââ¬â¢s a condition where the individual ponders his body, shape and weight.? (Bulimia Nervosa) It influences the ability of having ordinary eating model. Bulimia is associated with mental disarranges and melancholy and furthermore shares indications with another significant dietary problem which is known as anorexia nervosa.It is hard to presume that the individual is experiencing Bulimia. This is on the grounds that the individual experiencing bulimia cleanses and regurgitates stealthily. Individuals experiencing bulimia frequently reject their condition and they don't prefer to impart their indications to other people. On the off chance that bulimia nervosa isn't dealt with it might prompt lethal entanglements and nourishing lacks. In spite of the fact that there are a few hypotheses, individuals don't have a lot of information about this and they don't have clear thought on what causes bulimia nervosa.Bulimia is said to have a hereditary part.? (Bulimia treatment). A ladies who has a mother or a sister enduring with bulimia nervosa, has a more serious danger of creating bulimia nervosa. Mental components like rash practices, having low confidence and not ready to control outrage are additionally the elements which may cause bulimia nervosa. A concoction in the pieces of the cerebrum known as serotonin has something to do with bulimia nervosa.The effect of above elements may prompt low degree of serotonin which causes bulimia nervosa. The manifestations and indications of bulimia nervosa incorporate rehashed scenes of eating a lot of nourishments I. e. , Binge eating, loss of authority over eating, fasting, heart consume, blockage, heartburn, dental issues, sh ortcoming, sore throat, ragged looking eyes, unpredictable periods, retching blood, state of mind swings or sadness, swollen organs in face and neck, utilizing the restroom consistently after dinners and so on., The clinical intricacies caused from bulimia incorporate dental pits caused because of affectability of hot and cold nourishment, irritation and growing in the salivary organs because of continued heaving, eroding of tooth lacquer because of incessant presentation to acidic gastric substance, stomach ulcers, electrolyte awkwardness, sporadic heartbeat, self-destructive conduct, decline in moxie and so on , The individuals who are with a family ancestry of substance misuse and mind-set issue, low confidence and white-working class ladies who are for the most part understudies and young people are at high danger of getting bulimia nervosa.Ten percent of the school age ladies are influenced by bulimia in United States. 10% of individuals determined to have this malady are men. 10% of individuals experiencing this ailment may kick the bucket because of heart failure, starvation, self destruction or even with other clinical intricacies. I have an individual involvement in individuals experiencing bulimia nervosa. My closest companion Shan was bulimic since she was youthful. From the outset she began by lost hunger and wild loss of weight. She heard on shows that somebody was utilizing a toothbrush.She used to upchuck utilizing that. She was constantly discouraged and would not like to put on weight once more. The main way she thought was to keep it off by cleansing. She has a gigantic tea and afterward hurls it. She has parcel of breakfast and lunch and afterward she cleanses it out. In the event that she doesnââ¬â¢t upchuck in the wake of eating, she gets terrible acid reflux and wind up being wiped out. She went from 200 pounds down to 120. Each time she does it by disclosing to herself this is the last time she is cleansing. It has become a propensity and now she canââ¬â¢t dispose of it.She is experiencing treatment from the specialist since 2 months and now she is feeling better than anyone might have expected. It is hard to be relieved on the double. Numerous individuals may improve with treatment however some vibe that there are a few issues after the treatment moreover. The point of the treatment is to empower smart dieting, help individuals to be more grounded both intellectually and genuinely, decrease danger of damage brought about by bulimia nervosa. As indicated by the network based investigation, the predominance of bulimia nervosa with an even social class dispersion is 0. 5% to 1%. About 90% of individuals enduring with bulimia nervosa are women.In industrialized nations, the predominance of bulimia nervosa is more noteworthy contrasted with that of the non-industrialized nations. White American ladies have a more prominent predominance of voraciously consuming food while contrasted with African-Asian ladies. A pe ople group based control study analyzed 102 individuals experiencing bulimia nervosa with 204 sound individuals; it found that individuals with bulimia nervosa had higher dangers of state of mind issue, physical and sexual maltreatment, and higher pace of stoutness, parental heftiness, parental shape/weight concern, and early menarche.People experiencing bulimia nervosa, needs part of help from their folks and relatives. Relatives ought to be set up for obstruction, disavowal and even annoyance from the patient. This is a hazardous infection which can even reason passing. Numerous wellbeing projects and treatment offices have been made to battle with this illness. Be that as it may, the serious issue about this ailment is that, this ailment goes unreported or even unnoticed. Accordingly the relatives should be wary about the side effects and indications of the sickness with the goal that they can undoubtedly perceive the issue in loved ones members.Recognition is the chief advance t o assist the individuals with being relieved of this malady. REFERENCES: 1. Matthew Tiemeyer, What Does Bulimia Nervosa Really Look Like? Walk 5, 2009. http://eatingdisorders. about. com/od/whatisbulimianervosa/a/bulimiahub. htm 2. Bulimia Nervosa and pigging out confusion, Medscape Psychiatry and Mental Health eJournal. 1997. http://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/431281_4 3. Bulimia treatment, Signs and indications of dietary issue, 2009 http://www. bulimia-treatment. net/signs. php Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-80585542485606002822020-05-26T08:32:00.001-07:002020-05-26T08:32:04.299-07:00Finding the Best Best Term Paper Services Finding the Best Best Term Paper Services Your very first idea is virtually always very very likely to be too important. You ought to begin by examining the subject of the work and taking somewhere to conduct with. You found the service which supplies the very best essay writing in UK, then you're likely to discover the opportunity to do everything! A business which makes sense and will be sustainable in the future is one which has that crystal clear vision within which all the more compact parts contribute to ensure it is successful. Our services are made to offer writing assistance together with tips useful for making academic paper writing a simpler task for the majority of students. Term paper help might also be obtained from our professional writers to reduce the odds of assignments becoming monotonous, because of the creativity that's added to them. Term papers are incredibly excellent for the students which are at their college level. Dear students, now, you are goin g to have no issue with research papers. The Lost Secret of Best Term Paper Services It is recommended to keep away from companies which do not explicitly state how they are going to use your information after you purchase term paper from them. Our principal concern is to give the ideal term papers at prices which are as low as possible. Take a look at our price calculator to determine what your perfect price for the paper is! Finally, as you try to purchase term paper that fulfills your professor's requirements, it would be important to make certain that the company has a return policy for each and every buy term paper transaction you make with them. The Most Popular Best Term Paper Services As a client, you will need to evaluate the caliber of writers an expert case study writing service website has. On the flip side, the clients who might choose to purchase an essay from the corporation might also be assured of getting top quality solutions. Being in contact with the exp ert handling your work ensures the highest quality of writing. Furthermore, the website has a great reputation. The way which you can locate a dependable term paper writing service comes in a lot of forms. The ideal writing organizations are renowned for specific fields they major in. There is going to be occasions when the brand name might actually cost less than the generic product. What you're doing is identifying an issue, and writing about the best method to solve it. What to Expect From Best Term Paper Services? The program has to be in a position to work with existing systems. There are lots of benefits an individual may enjoy by utilizing the provider's services. Privacy Assurance It's among the absolute most important things you must think about prior to deciding on the correct document scanning services. Just adding technology won't necessarily enhance your practice's productivity. The One Thing to Do for Best Term Paper Services If at the present time you req uire a term paper writing service to aid you with essay papers, term papers, research papers or custom papers, have a look at the expert paper writing service provided. In the event you've got to find the research paper, you're in the perfect site! Finally a superb term paper should clearly define the issue. A research paper or term paper is a trying assignment that's hard to cope with if it's the very first time when students accomplish it. You will be given a paper that will guarantee a fantastic score on your part. Creating an excellent outline is the key to a prosperous term paper. Best Term Paper Services Features Homework for the best to discover some of expertise and client services. Review of customers you may read directly on the site. Altogether, by abiding by the above mentioned steps, you are ensured of high-quality essays, term papers, research papers, homework etc. which will be written by our on-line essay writers. Your topic needs to be focused and specific. Remain realistic and choose a topic you're in a position to research. It's hard to settle on a service to purchase your essay from. New Step by Step Roadmap for Best Term Paper Services An excellent small business program would document short-term and long-term aims of the company and establish certain tasks for achieving theses goals. Our company offers your attention a myriad of assignments which fulfill your individual wants and guarant ee your success. Such a reputation can be challenging to discover rid of. The ideal site stipulates a guarantee for safe payment procedures. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-90294529235313907082020-05-15T15:07:00.001-07:002020-05-15T15:07:07.055-07:00Essay about Gandhi and his passive Resistace to Great... Mohandas Gandhi nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, also known as mahatma Gandhi, was a Indian nationalist leader, who established his countrys freedom through a nonviolent revolution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Gandhi became a leader in a difficult struggle, the Indian campaign for home rule. He believed and dedicated his life to demonstrating that both individuals and nations owe it to themselves to stay free, and to allow the same freedom to others. Gandhi was one of the gentlest of men, a devout and almost mystical Hindu, but he had and iron core of determination. Nothing could change his convictions. Some observers called him a master politician. Others believed him a saint.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Mahatma meant great soul, a title reserved for the greatest leaders. Gandhis nonviolence was the expression of a way of life understood in the Hindu religion. By the Indian practice of nonviolence, Gandhi said, Great Britain would eventually consider violence useless and would leave India. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Mahatmas political and spiritual hold on India was so great that the British authorities dared not to interfere with him. In 1921 the Indian National Congress, the group that spearheaded the movement for nationhood, gave Gandhi complete executive authority, with the right of naming his own successor. A series of armed revolts against Great Britain broke out, culminating in such violence that Gandhi confessed failure of the civil-disobedience campaign he had called, and ended it. The British government again seized and imprisoned him in 1922. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1930 the Mahatma proclaimed a new campaign for civil disobedience, calling upon the Indian population to refuse to pay taxes, particularly the tax on salt. The campaign was a two hundred mile march to the sea, in which thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea, where they made salt by vaporating sea water. Once more Gandhi was arrested, but he was released in 1931, halting the campaign after the British made compromises to his demands. In the same year Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress at a conference in London. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-41241715491682850762020-05-06T16:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:45:14.336-07:00The Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria - 1542 Words East Asia is globalizing at a rapid speed, and due to its large influence on the rest of the world it is important to analyze the progression occurring here. Currently, the war against terrorism is a growing concern and countries around the world have come together to meet for a consensus about the negativity surrounding terrorism, specifically a unification against ISIS. ISIS, which stands for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, is a terror organization that has claimed responsibilities for the recent bombings in Paris, Belgium and Pakistan (1). The Obama Administration has shown great attention and focus towards ending ISIS and creating a unification between allied nations. On November 15 2015, President Obama met with the presidents ofâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦On a local scale, communities in East Asia are aware and understand the threat of ISIS. Early in 2015, 2 Japanese hostages were captured by ISIS and were later killed by the terror group (3). During this time the Japan ese government worked diligently with international alliances and the local communities to assure that anything that could be done, would be done. Unfortunately, the hostages were killed, but such a scenario presents the global-local nexus of Japan. The Japanese people were obviously alarmed by the situation, and the government provided them with up-to-date notifications of the situation and reassurance that their government was involved. This type of interaction transpired into Japanââ¬â¢s global interactions with President Obama and French president Francois Hollande (3). These nations voiced their opinion against the acts of ISIS and showed a consensus that such an organization needed to be ended. Unfortunately, many East Asian nations besides Japan have been affected by ISIS. In Indonesia there are about seven Islamist extremist groups that acknowledge their actions to ISIS. A recent bloody strike reported on January 14th in the capitalââ¬â¢s downtown district left eight d ead, validating the presence of ISIS in East Asiaââ¬â¢s door steps. A group in the Philippines recently pledged their allegiance to ISIS in a short clip. A Starbucks in Thailand was affected by two suicide bombers and four additional explosions occurred Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-49634482843028803162020-05-05T19:56:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:56:20.915-07:00Analyzing the Professional Identity of a Nurse-Free-Samples Questions: 1.Read the ABC News article titled: Just a nurse: Queensland woman writes open letter to woman at corner store. 2.Provide a one to two paragraph reflection on your thoughts in relation to your own professional identity. Answers: 1.Professional identity is an important resource, which aids people to sustain and develop motivation to obtain maximum productivity and produce results in the particular domain at their workplace. It enables people to reflect on their work and personal achievements (Hoeve, Jansen, Roodbol, 2014). The aim of this assignment is to investigate the different elements that constitute performance of Caitlin Brassington, a nurse. It illustrates the professional identity of a registered nurse and the factors that promote accountability for her professional development. Does Caitlin Brassington demonstrate a professional identity?- This essay sheds light on the professional role of a nurse and how the society undervalues it through a global conversation, which sparked off when an acquaintance told Caitlin Brassington that the latter was just a nurse (Abc.net.au, 2017). From her account it can be deduced that she has performed CPR on patients, helped babies in their birth and to take their first breath, brought patients back to life, provided empathy and compassion towards patients and their family, have worked continuously for 12 hours without a break and have missed her childrens birthdays and school events for work. This demonstrates that she has demonstrates a professional nursing identity. Professional identity and professional nursing- Nursing is considered as one of the most ethical and trusted profession. It is a physically challenging task. Often, it becomes demeaning while cleaning blood, vomit or body fluids of patients (Chen et al., 2014). However, nurses are always caring for the needs of their patients and are trying to achieve a professional identity in their workplace, which includes both professional and personal development. It involves utilization of certain core values, which are integral to the science and art of nursing. A nurses critical learning depends largely on reflection of their clinical experience and its utilization to improve their practice (Masters, 2015) (as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1: Professional identity of a nurse Source: (Masters, 2015) There are different attributes that can lead to development of professional identity of a nurse. Interpersonal skills involve compatibility between behavior towards others, compassion, commitment and confidence. Narration of shared experiences and self-reflection capacity are some of the major precursors for a successful professional development. Independent thinking and increased realistic professional image help in improving therapeutic performance. Discerning professional aspects of a nurses role- Caitlin Brassington writes about educating junior nurses, patients and other caregivers. While helping next generation of nurses and patients about the conditions of the disease, its prognosis and preferred management techniques, teaching provides personal satisfaction to the nurses. A staff nurse plays an essential role in providing clinical nurse education. Positive clinical learning helps in recruitment of nursing staff in future. Application of classroom concepts to practice provides a simulated experience to the young nursing students. Clinical faculty and staff nurses cultivate their partnership while providing education and this bridge the gap between practice and education. Therefore, they work as both a teacher and a registered nurse. They provide education on a plethora of subjects, from general nursing techniques to specialization areas. A nurse who is passionate about teaching can encourage and inspire students to focus on the patients (Richardson, Percy Hughes, 2015). She effectively interacts with the family members of the patient with a positive approach that provides them all necessary information regarding the health implications. Involving family improves chances of utilization of the therapeutic instructions because family plays an essential role in managing healthcare. Excellent instructions have shown dramatic patient outcomes in multiple cases. However, there can be certain challenges in clinical teaching like poor patient attitude and shortage of clinical sites. Another aspect which she has written in her blog is performing CPR to revive patients. CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is a life saving technique. It is used to maintain oxygenated blood flow to the heart and brain during emergency situations. Nurses are responsible for attending a patient of cardiac arrest quickly through CPR. Their competency is critical in preventing impending death and improving patient outcome. Nurses are often present first on the scene of a cardiac arrest and need to initiate resuscitation immediately (Chen et al., 2014). They analyze if the patient is unresponsive, check the pulse at carotid artery and start compressions within 10-15 seconds of cardiac arrest identification. They compress the chest at a measured rate of 10 compressions per minute for adults, allow chest recoil, minimize interruptions and provide effective breathing techniques. They also delegate junior staff for collection of supplies and equipments and document the cardiac r hythm and vital signs of the patient. Therefore, a nurse should be competent enough in CPR skills to provide advanced life support during emergency situations (Roh Issenberg, 2014). She also writes about her role in providing emotional, social support and comfort to the patients and family members. Studies have proved that nurses empower and engage their patients through empathetic attitude. They acknowledge and respect the concerns of the patient and make the latter feel validated. It helps in building effective communication and a sense of trust. Listening to the patients woes helps in better understanding of their discomfort and designing care based preference. Interaction and socialization with the family members make a patient more relaxed and helps them to stay calm. They are able to reciprocate socialization and also start respecting the healthcare givers. This reduces chances of non-compliance. It influences the behavioral and cognitive components of the patient and leads to positive health outcomes (Turner, Chur?Hansen Winefield, 2014). It improves patient satisfaction. However, a certain amount of neutrality should be exhibited by the nurse to avoid c ompassion and emotionality from interfering with care providing mechanism. It can be concluded from this part of the assignment that nurses play an important role in promoting patient wellness through a range of health services. They care for the sick with kindness, compassion and knowledge and even sacrifice their family life to work for the betterment of their patients. An analysis of the blog concludes that nursing is a rewarding experience for all practitioners. 2.I was quite surprised to read about the duties of a registered nurse. The blog helped me clarify the misconception that a nurses role revolved around bedpans and sponge baths only. Although, I was not nave about a nurses role, I did not have a complete idea about their responsibilities. The blog helped me understand that nurses are responsible for providing hands-on care to each patient by managing CPR, monitoring their conditions, maintaining records, understanding the physiology and anatomy behind a particular disorder (McCloskey et al., 2015). I gathered information on the sacrifices a nurse makes while she is on duty and how she treats a patient with utmost priority by setting aside children and family matters (Urden, Stacy Lough, 2015). My knowledge base and awareness increased. It gave an insight that the life of a nurse can be fulfilling in spite of the tedious tasks one has to perform every day. I was also amazed to see the response from social media. I had heard about the negative aspects of social media like online crimes and cyber bullying. However, this incident helped me realize that social media can be used as a platform for promoting ideas and empathizing with others. It helped in creating empathy towards all those working women who constantly face discrimination. However, I also identified some underlying challenges associated with nursing practices like shortage of trained staff, workplace violence and noncooperation from patients, working hazards and long working hours. Therefore, I realized that being a nurse is a demanding profession but not without some challenges References Abc.net.au. (2017).'Am I just a nurse?'.ABC News. Retrieved 16 August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-11/just-a-nurse-queensland-woman-writes-open-letter/7919422 Chen, M. J., Yu, S., Chen, I. J., Wang, K. W. K., Lan, Y. H., Tang, F. I. (2014). Evaluation of nurses' knowledge and understanding of obstacles encountered when administering resuscitation medications.Nurse education today,34(2), 177-184. Hoeve, Y. T., Jansen, G., Roodbol, P. (2014). The nursing profession: public image, self?concept and professional identity. A discussion paper.Journal of advanced nursing,70(2), 295-309. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Richardson, C., Percy, M., Hughes, J. (2015). Nursing therapeutics: Teaching student nurses care, compassion and empathy.Nurse education today,35(5), e1-e5. Roh, Y. S., Issenberg, S. B. (2014). Association of cardiopulmonary resuscitation psychomotor skills with knowledge and self?efficacy in nursing students.International journal of nursing practice,20(6), 674-679. Turner, M., Chur?Hansen, A., Winefield, H. (2014). The neonatal nurses' view of their role in emotional support of parents and its complexities.Journal of clinical nursing,23(21-22), 3156-3165. McCloskey, R., Donovan, C., Stewart, C., Donovan, A. (2015). How registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and resident aides spend time in nursing homes: an observational study.International journal of nursing studies,52(9), 1475-1483. Urden, L. D., Stacy, K. M., Lough, M. E. (2015).Priorities in critical care nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-40253129285960928122020-04-14T02:33:00.001-07:002020-04-14T02:33:03.916-07:00Shitty First Drafts Essay ExampleShitty First Drafts Paper ââ¬Å"Shitty First Draftsâ⬠In the essay ââ¬Å"Shitty First Draftsâ⬠, Anne Lamott describes the process of writing first drafts. She addresses the many steps she goes through to come up with her final ââ¬Å"polishedâ⬠works. First, Lamott starts off with a brief summary of what she believes in, she also gives a short description of her thoughts and personal life. Lamott then addresses to what I believe is her thesis and is finally ready to talk about her ââ¬Å"Shittyâ⬠first drafts. At first she writes what she calls a ââ¬Å"childââ¬â¢s draftâ⬠which is her first 5 pages of just brainstorming. In this ââ¬Å"childââ¬â¢s draftâ⬠of just visions and some what nonsense, she does this in thought that no one is going to see this first draft anyway so she gives herself the ability to write anything that comes to mind. However, as a writer she is always nervous that someone will get a hold of her first draft before she is able to revise it. She gives distinct visuals of her process, ââ¬Å"It was almost just typing, just making my fingers move. And the writing would be terrible. â⬠After crossing out lines and phrases that she could live without, she would continue on to rewriting a second draft. Even though Lamottââ¬â¢s process of writing and revising seems crazy, I definitely agree with her and say that writing is an exhausting process. She mentions thoughts of suicide and panic, which is a coincidence because I feel the same way when writing a paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Shitty First Drafts specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shitty First Drafts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shitty First Drafts specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I feel that rough drafts are completely necessary, reason being, real writers always have room for improvement and growth. Therefore, a first drafts give writers the opportunity to see overlooked mistakes and correct them before handing in the polished final draft. My first drafts tend to be well written simply because I am a perfectionist. There is always room to grow, that I believe is the exception for a ââ¬Å"shitty first draftâ⬠. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-39703995128177890842020-03-11T20:07:00.001-07:002020-03-11T20:07:04.733-07:00The Metaphysics of John Stuart Mill in Relation to Philippine Government EssaysThe Metaphysics of John Stuart Mill in Relation to Philippine Government Essays The Metaphysics of John Stuart Mill in Relation to Philippine Government Essay The Metaphysics of John Stuart Mill in Relation to Philippine Government Essay Essay Topic: Second Treatise of Government II. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Acknowledgement 3 Abstract 4 Chapter 2 Introduction 5-6 Theoretical Framework 7 Statement of the Problem 8 Thesis Statement Review of Related Literature 9-19 Chapter 3 Methodology 22-34 Presentation and analysis of Problems Q#1: What is the problem of the Self according to Nishida Kitaro? Q#2: What is David Humeââ¬â¢s concept of the Self? Q#3: What is the implication of their Metaphysical philosophies of the self to the centripetal morality of the Filipinos? Chapter 4 Summary 35-37 Conclusion 37-41 References 42-43 Chapter 1 Acknowledgement This is a discourse that is made for metaphysical study that brought enlightenment with the two different paradigms that explicate the essential attribution to the implication of the self to the Filipino. I would like to acknowledge the help of some people who made this research possible Dr. Segundo Sim for his direction, assistance, and guidance particularly in his recommendations and suggestions have been invaluable for the research. I also wish to thank Sir Garnace, who has taught me techniques of writing. Special thanks should be given to my classmates and colleagues who helped me in many ways. Finally, words alone cannot express the thanks I owe to my family for their encouragement and assistance. Abstract Although philosophical inquiries regarding the notion of the self bombarded through different elucidation of philosophers still encompasses the internal aspect of within as a metaphysical commitment which regard to the notion of the East and West paradigm. This paper aims to elucidate in comparative way the essential contribution of the philosophies of two different paradigms with the essential thought of metaphysical assertion. It entails the significance towards metaphysical endowment as a very profound distinction and similarities thru a bi polar elucidation regarding the concept of David Humeââ¬â¢s commencement of the self as no self at all, that everything underlies within the notion of impression, and that the self is no self at all. In Nishida Kitaroââ¬â¢s commencement he explicitly determined the stance of the self in the pure experience towards a nihilistic point of view which he determined that a self is a Basho or place, as an empty self. Towards the two philosophies of the self as a metaphysical genealogy intertwine the metaphysical through ethical relation of the centripetal morality of the actuality and the potentiality of the being ness of the Filipinos. Chapter 2 Introduction This paper aims to expose in a comparative way the ideas of Scottish philosopher David Hume and Japanese philosopher Nishida Kitaro both studies talks about the metaphysical understanding a propos notion of the Self and the repercussion to the centripetal morality of the Filipinos. A comparative way of explicating not leading to a chauvinistic elucidation but an affirmative thought between the two. Both thoughts consider the metaphysical attribution of the Self in a necessary relation determining the pursuit of the self or a person and the extraordinary conception of causation of beings. The unravel spirit of formulating thoughts regarding the diversity of the concept is a view of exhilarating the close door in a new light of horizon. The ideas of two different paradigms, the East and West have in a way the same conception that will elucidate their affinity and even the diversity will be serve somehow as an enlightenment, a determinant factor of a fascinating point of view of life in the meadow of philosophizing in a prolific manner. This will somehow shows a connection that will outpour the transcendental understanding of the self of an individual and the intertwining part towards morality. Thou, it implied denotes the bond within the necessary connection of the two paradigm will surely enlighten the reader in the spirit signification of a merely self of a person into a selfhood act to forsake what is the reality of the inter connection that purports the two representation and the metaphysical connection of the self and the pure experience as a notion that is necessarily for the convenience essentiality of this paper. The relationship of the self to metaphysics is the being of man that constitutes the whole embedded part of the ontological and transcendental aspect of oneââ¬â¢s own essential attribute in the world. Man is a Self determining being, the place of the self to reality serve as a teleological concept, thou not genuine still emerge the possibility of the impossibility that takes place in the being ness capable of living. The teleological character of the unity we ascribe to the self is further illustrated by the puzzles suggested by the ââ¬Å"alternate and multipleâ⬠personalities a connection of the past life to a new life as being the expression of aims and interests which were at least implicitly and as tendencies already present though concealed in the old connotation that will lead to uplift the individual self. The self implies and has no existence apart from a not self and it is only the contrast with the not self thatââ¬â¢s aware of it self as a self. The feeling of self is certainly not an inseparable concomitant of all our experience. Self consciousnesses are source of weakness and moral failure. While we are steadily engaged in the progressive execution of a purpose we lose ourselves in the work, it is only upon a check that we become self conscious. Self consciousness in the bad sense always arises from a sense of an incongruity between the self and some contrasted object or environment. This paper will elucidate the two philosophies of the great philosophers which regard to self Theoretical Framework The researcher uses a theoretical framework to explain the concept of Nishida Kitaro and David Humeââ¬â¢s notion of the Self and its relation to the Centripetal Morality of Filipinos. The researcher will elucidate the two paradigm enable to have a grasp in the two different philosophies of the East and West and how they are connected to the centripetal morality of Filipinos. And through discussing what are the two diverse fields of a metaphysical philosophy the researcher will explicate the essential correlation towards the moral aspect in effect to the morality of Filipinos. Statement of the problem 1. What is the problem of the Self according to Nishida Kitaro? 2. What is David Humeââ¬â¢s concept of the Self? 3. What is the implication of their Metaphysical philosophies of the Self to the centripetal morality of the Filipinos? Thesis Statement The Metaphysical philosophy of Hume and Nishida is a manifestation of a life, a life that embedded a direct way of viewing the external exemplification to substantiate the discourse between the two, through the ordinary. An internal co relation to the external out view of the self towards the life of the Filipinos will surely afflict the individual of a person towards the being ness as an uninfringeable essential factor of oneââ¬â¢s own self. There is no definite line of demarcation between self and not-self the self on its side consisting of me and the not self is social, the self on its side consisting of me and the not-self of other men. The self is essentially a thing of development and as such has its being in the time process. The nature of the experience is the concept of the self is based. The self is never identical with anything that could be found completely existing at any one moment in the mental life. Self is essentially an ideal and an ideal which is apprehended as contrasted with present actuality. They ought and the must also know nothing of the feeling of self. Review of Related Literature Kantââ¬â¢s concept of the self Kantââ¬â¢s concept of the self is a response to Hume in part. Kant wished to justify a conviction in physics as a body of universal truth. The other being to insulate religion, especially a belief in immortality and free will (Brooks 2004). In the Inaugural Dissertation of 1770, Kant corrected earlier problems of a non-material soul having localization in space. Kant used inner sense to defend the heterogeneity of body and soul: ââ¬Å"bodies are objects of outer sense; souls are objects of inner senseâ⬠(Carpenter 2004). In Kantââ¬â¢s thought there are two components of the self: 1. inner-self 2. Outer-self (Brooks 2004). There are two kinds of consciousness of self: consciousness of oneself and ones psychological states in inner sense and consciousness of oneself and ones states via performing acts of apperception. Empirical self-consciousness is the term Kant used to describe the inner self. Transcendental apperception or (TA) is used in two manners by Kant for the term. The first being a synthetic faculty and a second as the ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠as subject. One will note that logically this function would occur in inner sense (Brooks 2004). Kant states that all representational states are in inner sense include all spatially localized outer objects. The origin or our representations regardless if they are the product of a priori or outer objects as modifications of the mind belong to inner sense. Kant presents apperception as a means to consciousness to oneââ¬â¢s self. Inner sense is not pure apperception. It is an awareness of what we are experiencing as we are affected by thought (Brooks 2004). Brooks cites three types of synthesis. Kant claimed, there are three types of synthesis required to organize information, namely apprehending in intuition, reproducing in imagination, and recognizing in concepts (A97-A105). Synthesis of apprehension concerns raw perceptual input, synthesis of recognition concerns concepts, and synthesis of reproduction in imagination allows the mind to go from the one to the other. â⬠(Brooks 2004). Unity of experience and consciousness are integral to the concept of the self. Transcendental apperception has function to unite all appearances into one experience. This is a unity based on causal l aws. There is a synthesis according to concepts that subordinates all to transcendental unity. According to Kant the contents of consciousness must have causal connections to be unified (Brooks 2004). Kant argues that in the present progressive one can be aware of oneself by an act of representing (Kant 1789). Representation is not intuitive but a spontaneous act of performing or doing things. Man knows that by doing and fulfilling activities that these impressions cannot be simply sensations resulting from the senses. Representation fulfills three acts. An act of representing can make one conscious of its object, itself and oneself as its subject; the representational base of consciousness of these three items. Becoming conscious of our selves is simply an act of representation and nothing more (Brooks 2004). Kant postulates that there is a plurality of representations that gives rise to our view of self as a ââ¬Å"single common subjectâ⬠. This concept requires a constant undivided self. This concept is a continuation of global unity that spans many representations, one does not have to be conscious of the global object but of oneself as subject of all representations (Kant 1787). Kantââ¬â¢s self has a unity of self reference, ââ¬Å"When we are conscious of ourselves as subject, we are conscious of urselves as the ââ¬Å"single common subjectâ⬠[CPR, A350] of a number of representations. â⬠(Kant 1787). Here Kant confirms that the impressions we perceive have one single common aim and that is the self as subject of these experiences. Kant postulates both senses as empirical but with the object of inner self being the soul. Transcendental apperception is a priori. Kant ma intains the use of intuitive faculties of intuition and synthesis in inner self where innate material unites the spatially located objects from the outer self. Here, this permits a downward deductive operation to act from Kantââ¬â¢s theology while preserving an inductive operation from the sense world of our experience. The Essential Self through the Essence and Existence With the concept of rationality, we found ourselves moving from questions about pure reality and back to questions about ourselves and our own activities. In deed with the concept of subjective truth, we found a renewed emphasis on personal questions, questions about self rather than questions about the world. What is the self? What is to be a person? What do you know when you ââ¬Ëknow your self? What is someone telling you to be when he or she tells you ââ¬Ëjust to be yourselfâ⬠? Real self, a self that does not vary from context. Philosophers have called the real self the essential self that is the set of characteristics that defines a particular person. The experience of our real, or essential, self is familiar to us in a great many circumstances. Self as Consciousness What am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels. The theory that the essential self of self identity is the mind or self consciousness can be traced back to ancient times, but its best known defender is the philosopher Descartes, who presented a simple but elegant argument that the individual self is the first thing that each of us can know for certain and that this self, which is indubitable is nothings else but the thinking self, the self that is aware of itself. Kierkegaard: The Passionate Self It is impossible to exist without passion, unless we understand the world exist in the loose sense of a so called existence. Eternity is the winged horse, infinitely fast and time is a worn out nag; the existing individual is the driver, that is to say he is such a driver when his mode of existence is not an existence loosely so called; for then he is no driver but a drunken peasant who lies asleep in the wagon and lets the horses take care of themselves. To be sure he also drives and is a driver; and so there are perhaps many who also exist. The Self as an Open Question If self identity is defined by our answer to the question who am i? One possible answer is nothing yet, nothing definite. If one sees the self not as an inner soul which is in us from birth, but rather as a product of our actions and thought, then self identity is something to be earned, not an already existing fact to be discovered. The existentialist Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980) would say that all of those theories which take the self to be found in consciousness are misconceived, the self is not simply thinking, not is it memory of past. The self lies always in the future; it is what we aim toward as we try to make ourselves into something. But this means that as long as we are alive there is no self at least, no fixes and finished self. The self is an open question. What this means is that there is no real self other than the self that we make for ourselves. Kierkegaardââ¬â¢s language all choices are subjective truths, true for the person who makes them but not necessarily true for anyone else. The self is what each of us chooses for ourselves, our protection into our future, our intentions to become a particular kind of person. But as we never wholly achieve this for even when our ambitions are fulfilled we can always change our mind, formulate new ambitions, and so on the self never really exists in full. It is always at best. Alternative Conceptions of Self as Consciousness Plato has defined self in terms of rational thought as opposed to mere thinking, which can be rational or irrational. The Self in Contextualized Action (Shaun Gallagher and Anthony J. Marcel) We identify two forms of self-consciousness, ecological self-awareness and embedded reflection, that (1) function within the kinds of contextualized activity we have indicated, and (2) can be the basis for a theoretical account of the self. Both forms of consciousness are closely tied to action and promise to provide a less abstract basis for developing a theoretical approach to the self. To get clear about philosophical problems, it is useful to become conscious of the apparently unimportant details of the particular situation in which we are inclined to make a certain metaphysical assertion. (Wittgenstein) The self that we are does not possess itself; one could say that it happens' (Gadamer) Overt action is indivisible . . . . It is the whole i ndividual who acts in the real environment (Neisser) Surprising and seemingly counter-intuitive results are not uncommon when philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists, employing a variety of first- and third-person approaches, search for an adequate model of the self. At least one philosopher equates the self with a momentary existence so that we are said to live through a large number of consecutive momentary selves (Strawson 1997). Other philosophers, introspectively exploring the stream of consciousness, fail to find anything at all that resembles a self (Hume 1739). When faced with a range of questions about self (questions pertaining to identity, experience of self, nature of self, and so forth) most theorists approach the topic in a manner that is abstract or detached from behavior and/or action normally embedded in contextualized situations. We also want to suggest that most of the controversies, problems, and paradoxes concerning the notion of self are the result of searching for the self within these abstract perspectives. We suggest a different starting point and strategy for developing models of a self which is more contextualized within the realm of action. First, we want to be clear that although this paper is centrally concerned with the nature of the self,à there is a necessarily related issue that we address, namely, the question of access to the self, and whether there can be certain forms of self-consciousness that are not abstractions from contextualized ituations. The promise of a sound basis for the development of a theoretical conception of a contextualized self is only good if in fact there are reliable forms of contextualized self-consciousness since the primary method for getting a grasp on the self is through first-person self-experience. Beyond this, however, the question of access is essentially l inked with the question of the nature of the self. Access (self-consciousness) is constitutive of self. Second, we wish to be clear that in sketching an approach to a conception of a self in contextualized action, we do not assume that there is only one kind of self or that an explanation of the contextualized self will be an explanation of every sense of self. Other approaches, such as the Meadian analysis of a socially constituted self, or the notion of an autobiographical self, can reveal important and valid conceptions of self. The Ethical Self What we want to call embedded reflection is not the same as the hyper reflective or introspective consciousness we identified in previous sections as a form of abstract, de contextualized behavior. We may state the difference in this way. Embedded reflection is a first-person reflective consciousness that is embedded in a pragmatically or socially contextualized situation. It involves the type of activity that I engage in when someone asks me what I am doing or what I plan to do. In such reflection I do not take consciousness or the self as a direct or introspective object of my reflection; I do not suddenly take on the role of a phenomenologist or theorist for the sake of answering the question. Rather I start to think matters through in terms of possible actions. I treat myself (I discover myself) as an agent. In such situations, my attention is directed not in a reflective inspection of consciousness as consciousness, but toward my own activities in the world where my intentions are already directed. Often my aim in such reflection is not to represent my self to myself, as if it were a piece of furniture in my mind, but to continue certain actions or to explain myself in terms of my action. What is the Self? The Numerical Self (Claro R. Ceniza) Two dimensions of identity of things; their generic and specific identities, on the one hand, and their numerical identities on the other. The generic and specific identities of object refer to their identities as classes, the generic identity having references to the larger class to which an entity belongs, and the specific identity referring to the lowest class to which the individuals belongs and this for our purposes could be the individuals itself. Generics identities may be arrange in a hierarchy of higher and higher classes, the highest class to which an individual belongs being called its SUMMUM GENUS that is in highest class. We may speak of identity in the sense of numerical identity. The numerical identity refers to the identity of individuals with itself. Numerical identity refers to the identity of an individual neither in terms of the classes to which it could belong nor to its properties, but to its historyââ¬â¢s individual. For things, spatio- temporal continuities the general criterion although there are exception to this. For humans, memory is perhaps the ultimate criterion, although for ordinary cases. Spatio-temporal continuity is often regarded as adequate. Numerically one and the same. Another example is dotted lines obviously. These are not spatio-temporally continuous, but dotted lines may often be numerically distinguished from each other. With human the continuity of memory is more important than spatio-temporal continuity. When a person writes his bio-data, he more often than not to refer to his numerical identity and recounts his personal history and achievements as an individual. The greater importance of a continuous memory train as the more significant criterion for the numerical identity o persons is shown by the fact that, whether ones believes in it or not, the concept of reincarnation would be impossible, if not for the fact that the possible continuity of memory could be taken as more basic for The numerical identification of an individual, than spatio-temporal continuity, since clearly there is no spatio-temporal continuity between death of a previous embodiment and the birth of the next, spatio ââ¬âtemporal continuity is often considered adequate for the numerical identification of persons. We may regard the numerical identity of a person as his objective self. It is oneââ¬â¢ self as seen by others, and as one sees himself objectively as part of a community of persons. What is the Self? The Generic Self The generic self of a person is the class or classes to which the person belongs, according to the way the custom has established these classes relative to him. Thus, a person may be classified as a father, a citizen, a teacher, husband, adult, etc. These classifications and the way he behaves accordingly are important to a personââ¬â¢s self-identity and self-identification and they usually determine his normal behavior, and what others expect. Confucius recognized the importance of role-playing in the society. He said that we all play roles in society- perhaps many roles for each one of us. A harmonious society is one where everyone plays his role at it should be played, according to the name given to that role. A personââ¬â¢s actions should be in accordance with the role or roles that he plays. A person is his roles, He may add to it the unique way he plays it well. Chapter 3 Methodology The researcher will use the comparative way of explicating the metaphysical philosophies of Nishida vis-a-vis Hume and the interrelation of the two philosophers to the centripetal morality of the Filipinos. All the materials are gathered from different libraries and internet research. A documentary abstraction guide will be used by the researcher as an instrument in gathering data. The researcher is able to come up to this topic because the essential part of being ness lies within the self, starts within the self before outpouring with the whole, a part that embedded the necessary significant towards metaphysical aspect to the paradigm of ethics. This study only discusses the definition, exposition of the comparative field of the East and West paradigm. For the philosophical metaphysics of Nishida and for Hume, the main idea regarding the two philosophers purports the essential connection imply with the centripetal morality of Filipinos. Analysis of Data The first level of discussion will discuss the metaphysical philosophy of Nishida and Hume. The second level of discussion will discuss the comparison and contrast, difference and similarities, of the Philosophers metaphysical thought and the relationship to the centripetal morality of Filipinos. Chapter 1 introduces the study. Chapter 2 discusses the different concepts philosopher regarding the self. Chapter 3 presents some concepts of the self and Nishidaââ¬â¢s as well as Humeââ¬â¢s in relation to centripetal morality of Filipinos. Presentation and Analysis of Problems 1. What is the problem of the Self according to Nishida Kitaro? Nishida practiced Zen meditation in his early years and most of his work can be seen as an attempt to explore this experience. One of the fundamental questions that is considered between subject and object. His solution to the polarities of mind body, self world, me-other is to posit an original ground of existence that goes beyond such distinctions. In his first work, Zen No Kenkyo he writes variously on his topic: When one experiences directly oneââ¬â¢s conscious state there is as yet neither subject nor object, and knowledge and its object are completely united, this is the purest form of experience. Why is love the union of subject and object? To love something is to cast away the self unite with that other. As emphasized in basic Buddhist thought, the self and the universe share the same foundation, or rather, they are the same thing. Nishida proposed a new thesis: that of ultimate reality as mu no basho, the place of absolute nothingness. Nothingness here corresponds closely to Nagarjunaââ¬â¢s concept shunyata or emptiness. This nothingness is not an absence of God or the self but an absence of quality, division or concept of all of the things which we need in order to define the separate existence of the ego self. By not being anything in particular, we are everything. Nishida eliminates the psychological terminology that had characterized his earlier work. Nishidaââ¬â¢s Basho is a radically new concept. By imagining the self as Basho or place rather than as a point, consciousness or presence we move away from all ideas of individuality. Nishida sees in the extinguishing of the ego-self in the Basho the birth of the self as Basho. The basho has the power to unify the contradictions which underlie all existence, to effect the continuity of the discontinuity. In terms of Western logic, the basho violates the principles of contradictions and identity. Nishida claimed that the contradictions at the heart of everything were what caused the constant change and motion we observe in the universe. Only in the mu no basho are these dynamic oppositions reconciled. As a Buddhist, the ultimate good for Nishida is the realization of the true self, the Buddha nature. As a Zen Buddhist, Nishida argues that this realization should take place in he active world. His concept of acting intuition illustrates this the physical world of actions is expressive of the inner creativity of the basho. Only by living fully as historical individuals will the power of the self as Basho be made manifest. Nishida reminds us that ââ¬Å"To study oneself is to forget oneself. To forget oneself is to realize oneself as all things. â⬠For much of Japanese philosophy, in order to know our true self we must let go of the subject-object dichotomy with which we have been taken conditioned. We must let go of the voice of intellect in our pursuit and let our intuition open us up and allow awakening. In this awakening, not only do we awaken to our self, but we awaken to all reality. Before we look more closely at some Japanese Buddhist teachings, let us review some of ideas from the Neo-Confucian school. What can be constructed as the extreme positions with regard to the nature of the self? Self is an object or some thing Self is nothing Nishida Kitaro attempted to steer a path between these two extremes. For Nishida we cannot truly know the self if we take it to be either the subject or object of our knowing process. That is to say, the self is a place, or basho, that gives rise to knowledge. The self is neither the subject of an experience nor the object of knowing. The self is the experience discussing Nishida, Nishitani described this rapport between experience and self, ââ¬Å"of which it is said not that there is experience because there is a self, but rather that there is a self because there is experience. â⬠This confirms the long standing Buddhist teaching of no self. The actual self is a process. To this process, Nishida assigned a term, koiteki chokkan, acting intuition. Basho literally means ââ¬Å"placeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"fieldâ⬠and suggests an all embracing environment within which all activity occurs. Because it is all embracing, this place o field is without boundaries and without a center of reference. Imagine an infinite circle without a circumference and without a center. As Yuasa stated: The basho is a fundamental restriction on beingââ¬â¢ existence; without it, no beings can exist in the world. Even though basho is without boundaries, boundaries are in practice erected. They are constructed by our empirical self, or ego. Our empirical self, however, is not our true self, but instead the self as subject, a self ââ¬âreferential point of view whereby all else becomes the object for the empirical self. On other words, whereas Basho is a primordial field of oneness, discrimination now results from the construction of boundaries. The discriminating self, as subject, is not the true self. The genuine self, for Nishida and in line with Buddhist teachings, is thus a ââ¬Å"self that is not a self. â⬠This is why Nishida claimed that the self ââ¬Å"lives by dying. â⬠This is also why Nishida emphasized the faculty of intuition, not in a passive but in an active sense. It is through this active intuition that self realizes itself. Discursive, analytical knowledge is sufficient. For instance, consider the example of viewing a mountain. From one perspective the ââ¬Å"Iâ⬠is imbedded in a world of subject-object and mountain is the object of my knowledge. From another perspective, I realize the essential unity of all things. In this case, there is no subject-object duality, and the mountain is no longer separate from me. This native intuition maintains both perspectives at the same time. When this secret is mastered, living is dying and vice versa. Apparent contradictions are resolved. For Nishida, the self constitutes a unity of contradictions. Living is dying and dying is living. The opposition we normally pose between life and death is embraced in the Basho of self. We die and live at each single moment. This is the singular Buddhist truth of no substantiality; it reflects the paradox of our existence. When seem from our ordinary perspective, this paradox of life and death gives way to anxiety. When viewed from the perspective of the Basho of self, the paradox is embraced: My very existence is, therefore, an absolute contradiction, and it is this very realization that enables me to become truly self conscious. My individuality is my mortality, and my true nothingness is my immortality. I am a contradictory self, and my awareness of this is the ground of my religious awareness. Reality as Pure Experience, Nishidaââ¬â¢s view is reminiscent of Zen Buddhism; he promotes Zen teachings using philosophical categories. Now Zen points directly to reality ââ¬â what exists in its immediacy? Nishida viewed reality in much the same way; he directly pointed to pure experience as ultimate reality. Reality is that which underlies all our so called ââ¬Å"experience. â⬠We conventionally live in our ideas or images of the real, rather than in the real. Reality is the pure experience, which is the basis for conceptualization once conceptualization through reflection occurs, the experience becomes indirect. Reality remains the same unaffected by reflection. Reflection however gives birth to apparent modes of reality that are not in themselves truly real. When Nishida declares that reality is ââ¬Å"pure experienceâ⬠this means that reality within the present moment. Reality as Absolute Nothingness, all this is further sustained by his teaching concerning the primacy of ââ¬Å"nothingnessâ⬠over being. Absolute nothingnessâ⬠is another phrase he ascribes to this pure experience. It is crucial to be aware that this ââ¬Å"nothingnessâ⬠is not the same as nihilism. Rather absolute nothingness transcends the opposition between being and nonbeing by embracing them. The term transcend can be misleading; it can give the impression of something beyond the realm of experience. The term immanent is also to be avoided becaus e it may lead to the impression of being immersed in our world if experience. Each of these terms implies the other. They each set up a dichotomy between being and nonbeing. Therefore for Nishida the preferred designation is absolute nothingness. Intellectual Intuition, a basic claim throughout Nishida is that we are able to directly experience this reality pure experience and absolute nothingness. The aim of his epistemology is to address more fully how this is possible. Nishida stressed an ââ¬Å"intellectual intuitionâ⬠that is able to acknowledge this reality. It is more of an immediate grasp of reality that is utterly transformative so much so that according to Nishida the experience is essentially religious. Our conventional or ordinary perception of thins is that we mistake what we conceive to be real with what is real. Yet what we conceive as being real is inspired by the force of our intellect and this drives us farther from the reality. Robert Carterââ¬â¢s metaphor of perching and flight is very appropriate: For Nishida to be aware of pure experience is not to deny conception and the various systematizations resulting from thinking but to ground them all in the original undifferentiated flow of pure flight. They are all perching and the only real error we make is to focus so fully on the perching the stable, fixed, resting places that we forget altogether how to fly. This ultimate reality points to the essential unity of all being. The awareness of this for Nishida religious consciousness. Nishida considered religion to be the fullest experiential integration of both world and self. This meant that God was equivalent to Nishidaââ¬â¢s Absolute Nothingness. At the same time, God is also Absolute Being. Yet for Nishida, ultimate reality is not God, if by God we mean a separate self-subsistent reality. Neither is God an idea. God is this pure experience with out abstraction: And just as color appears to the eye as color and sound to the ear as sound so too God appears to the religious self as an event of oneââ¬â¢s own soul. It is not a matter of God being conceivable or not conceivable in merely intellectual terms. What can be conceived or not conceived is not God. Nishidaââ¬â¢s concept of the Self and Othe is that We can shift the focus from the action of the individual historical body to the interaction between distinct individuals, once again with the world as the mediating space of mutual formation. The relation between ââ¬Å"I and Thouâ⬠was the first part that Nishida considered, although he continued to intertwine that relation with an internal relation in self-awareness. Where his previous analysis of individual self-awareness described it as a self-reflection of the universal of self-awareness, his description now incorporated the dimension of recognition. Each is a relative other to the self. . This other, recalling Nishidas notion of absolute, does not exclude the self; rather it constitutes self-identity as continually negating what it has been. Recognizing the absolute other within constitutes not simply a reflexive self-awareness but a self-awakening, a realizing of the ââ¬Å"true self. â⬠(Nishidas term jikaku translates as self-awakening, a Buddhist reading he undoubtedly intends, as well as self-awareness. ) Nishida allows for the Buddhist view that there is actually no self to awaken by referring to the self-awakening of absolute nothingness; its awaken ing is the awakening of the ââ¬Å"true self. Absolute nothingness in action, as it were, entails a negation (of a substantial, self-same self) and an affirmation (of the true self). Nishida contends that toward the end of his life, perhaps thinking of the significance of death for understanding individuality, perhaps re-considering the theme of self-awakening as a kind of death and re-birth, Nishida delved deeper into the relation between the individual finite human self and the absolute or God. Experientially it comes to therefore in death. We will consider the meaning of death first, then the nature of God or the absolute in relation to the finite self. The theme of personal death is absent in Nishidas early work on pure experience and self-awareness, and mentioned only abstractly in essays on the historical world and the self, for example: ââ¬Å"In absolute dialectics, mediation as absolute negation is mediation as absolute death, living by dying absolutelyâ⬠Insofar as this is the finitude of the individual self, it also implies a logic of individuation where the role of other relative selves is dimished. If death is an ever-present opening, the other side of that opening so to speak is the absolute. To die is to stand vis-a-vis the absolute. If nothingness as opposed to being is implied, it is in the verbal sense of self-negating. The absolute arises through its own self-negation and inclusion of the relative self. God cannot be not wholly transcendent to or exclusive of the self or the world. To express the relation between a God and the relative finite self, Nishida introduces a new term, ââ¬Å"inverse correspondenceâ⬠or, we might say, contrary respondence (gyaku-taio). The more one faces ones death, the negation of ones life as an individual, the more acutely one is self-aware as an individual. The closer the finite self approaches God the stronger the difference between them becomes. This peculiar kind of relation implies that God and the relative self are inseparable but never dissolve into one another. If their distinction entails an undifferentiated source of their difference, an absolute nothingness, then the more that source is emphasized the stronger the distinction holds. 2. What is David Humeââ¬â¢s concept of the Self? The realization that the self can not be traced back to an impression is puzzling for Hume because on the one hand we have this feeling of our self but we also realize that we are to a certain extent always changing. Humeââ¬â¢s conclusion is that we are merely a bundle of impressions and that the self as something other than these impressions does not refer to anything. Hume believed that the entire contents of the mind were drawn from experience alone. The stimulus could be external or internal. In this nexus, Hume describes what he calls impressions in contrast to ideas. Impressions are vivid perceptions and were strong and lively. ââ¬Å"I comprehend all our sensations, passions, and emotions as they make their first appearance in the soul. Ideas were images in thinking and reason. â⬠(Flew 1962 p. 176). For Hume there is no mind or self. The perceptions that one has are only active when one is conscious. ââ¬Å"When my perceptions are removed for any time, as by sound sleep, so long am I insensible of myself, and may truly be said not to exist. â⬠(Flew 1962, p. 259). Hume appears to be reducing personality and cognition to a machine that may be turned on and off. Death brings with it the annihilation of the perceptions one has. Hume argues passions as the determinants of behavior. Hume also appears as a behaviorist believing that humans learn in the same manner as lower animals; that is through reward and punishment (Hergenhahn 2005). Skepticism is the guiding principle in what is no doubt non-recognition of meta-physics in this subject. Hume in the appendix to A Treatise on Human Nature addresses his conclusions (Hume 1789). In short there are two principles, which I cannot render consistent; nor is it in my power to renounce either of them, via, that all our distinct perceptions is distinct existences, and that the mind never perceives any real connection among distinct existences. Humeââ¬â¢s method of inquiry begins with his assumption that experience in the form of impressions cannot give rise to the constancy of a self in which would be constant to give reference to all future experiences. The idea of self is not one any one impression. It is several ideas and impressions in itself. There is no constant impression that endures for oneââ¬â¢s whole life. Different sensations as pleasure and pain, or heat and cold are in a constant continuum that is invariable and not constant. ââ¬Å"It cannot therefore be from any of these impressions, or from any other, that the idea of self is derived; and consequently there is no such idea (Hume 1789). It appears the closest thing that Hume could discuss as the self is similar to watching a film or a play of oneââ¬â¢s life. These perceptions themselves are separate from one another and there is no unifying component as a self to organize such for long-term reference. Hume further deliberates over a position of identity of an invariable and uninterrupted existence. Hume confirms there is no primordial substance as to where all secondary existences of individual existence exist. Everything in our conscious state is derived from impressions. Objects in the outer world exist as distinct species that are separable from the secondary qualities in conscious thought. To negate any demonstration of substance Hume posits an analogy that if life was reduced to below that of an oyster, does this entity have any one perception as thirst or hunger? The only thing that would exist is the perception. Adding a higher complex of perception would not yield any notion of substance that could yield an independent and constant self. (Hume 1789). Humeââ¬â¢s model of the mind simply records data when such is manifestly conscious. The model abstracts and isolates objects and secondary qualities without any metaphysics. Unity of experience is one area, which Hume found elusive in his model and with such denied any configuration of self-reference only perceptions in the conscious (Hume 1789). He denies that we even have a self; all learning comes from sensory impressions. There does not seem to be a separate impression of the self that we experience, there is no reason to believe that we a self, thus it denotes a notion that there is no self at all. The idea of the self pass for clear and intelligible, one impressions that gives rise to every real idea but self or person is not any one impression. Self is supposed to exist after a reference, no impression constant and invariable. ââ¬Å"I ââ¬Å"can never catch myself at any time without a perception and never can observe anything but the perception. When my perception is removed for any time, as by sound sleep; so long an insensible of myself and may truly be said not to exist. â⬠Distinctâ⬠idea of an object, that remains invariable and uninterested through a supposed variation of time; and this idea we call that of identity or sameness. ââ¬Å"Distinct idea of several different objects existing in succession and connected together by a close relation and this to an accurate view affords as perfect a nation of diversity, as if there was no manner of relation among the objetsâ⬠The nation of a self one soul is very likely s fiction ââ¬Å"I am merely a bundle of perceptions. There is a consciousness of a continuing succession of experiences, but not of a continuing experiences; compatible view with the physicalist view of personhood. 3. What is the implication of their Metaphysical philosophies of the Self to the centripetal morality of the Filipinos? The Filipino Centripetal Morality denotes the elf as the basis of moral judgments and does the self as a standard. Filipino thought or diwang Filipino is generally an ethical or moralistic, predominantly socio-ethical, concrete and practical hence centripetal. Centripetal means ââ¬Å"tending towards the centerâ⬠. It refers then to peopleââ¬â¢s use of the SELF as the center and the basic commencement of the judgments. The Filipino moral judgment is understood as the peopleââ¬â¢s way of disclosing and explicating the golden precept the golden rule or mean which is base on living through moderate way. In Chinese term, this referred to ââ¬Å"principle of measuring squareâ⬠. Whatever measures you make is what you will be measured in return. Moreover, the implication is the centrality of the starting point which is the self always. The principle of non-moral judgment revolves around the self who is characterized by self-reflection and analysis. Eventually, this self-examination is an examination of the heart. Ultimately, Filipino centripetal morality considers the self as the standard by which oneââ¬â¢s relationship with others ought to be regulated and ordered. ââ¬Å"Weâ⬠should do to others only that which is good to them and to us; ââ¬Å"weâ⬠should not do anything detrimental to others and to ourselves. It demands a reciprocal between man and his fellowmen. That is men should not only mutually share the good but also mutually rid themselves of evil. Hence, one should know then so that you she or he knows other men. Because to know the good is to do the good. As what a used passage is that ââ¬Å"Do unto others what you want others do unto youâ⬠. The transcendental self of a person, is the person identifies himself completely or well-nigh completely. The integrated summation of his ultimate values, the identity given is not generic identity wit the roles that he plays in his life ( it is even possible that he does not like the role or roles that he plays and therefore could not personally identify with them), nor with his numerical identity; for a person who knows who he is numerically, could still ask the question, who am I really? Oneââ¬â¢s transcendental is that which gives meaning and purpose to life the transcendental identity of a person is perhaps the more philosophically important the identity called transcendental because the answer usually lies beyond oneââ¬â¢s self. The transcendental identity of a person therefore is generally other centered it is centered on what one regards as ultimate values the effect of that search for oneââ¬â¢s Arche it is the being or concept that would integrate oneââ¬â¢s life enables one to precede through life with at most certainty about his true Telos Since one transcendent identity is determinant of ultimate values. Oneââ¬â¢s ultimate concern is what gives meaning and direction to oneââ¬â¢s life. Oneââ¬â¢s ultimate concern is what once identifies with completely. This is what one subjectively is without an ultimate concern oneââ¬â¢s life is directionless and meaningless. Chapter 4 Summary Humeââ¬â¢s view on the Self and Nishidaââ¬â¢s view on the Self The Affinity and Diversity HUME NISHIDA 1. These perceptions and impressions are identified by their self referential nature and that some perception of self seems to persist through time. This focal point of perception that continues through time and perceives its self in some fashion we choose to call me or I. . As a Buddhist, the ultimate good for Nishida is the realization of the true self, the Buddha nature. Nishida considered, although he continued to intertwine that relation with an internal relation in self-awareness. 2. This is known as Humes bundle theory of the self. Hume says, the mind has never anything present to it b ut the perceptions, and cannot possibly reach any experience of their connection with objects. The supposition of such connection is, therefore, without any foundation in reasoning. 2. Where his previous analysis of individual self-awareness described it as a self-reflection of the universal of self-awareness, his description now incorporated the dimension of recognition. Each is a relative other to the self. . 3. Hume means that we have no way of empirically establishing the independent existence of an external world, or what most of us call reality. The only world we can ever know is one of perceptions, ideas and experiences. 3. Nishidas notion of absolute, does not exclude the self; rather it constitutes self-identity as continually negating what it has been. Recognizing the absolute other within constitutes not simply a reflexive self-awareness but a self-awakening, a realizing of the ââ¬Å"true self. â⬠4. Nevertheless, there are some that we are bound to accept in the everyday course of affairs. While they are ultimately approvable one needs these assumptions in order to function. a. such as the existence of the external world, b. the existence of other minds, c. The other minds have similar experiences as do you. d. the existence of the self, e. And the possible existence of some general intelligence pervading the universe. 5. Meaningful ideas are those that can be traced back to sense experience (impressions); beliefs that cannot be reduced to sense experience are not ideas at all, but meaningless utterances. Ideas are vague impressions of these impressions. No facts can be connected, proved, or explained by a priori reasoning. Space and time are the way in which impressions occur to us. Existence is not a separate idea. There is a distinction between matters of fact and relations of ideas. There is no power or necessity binding a cause to an effect. The mind is a bundle of impressions it is not a thing unto itself. . Nishida allows for the Buddhist view that there is actually no self to awaken by referring to the self-awakening of absolute nothingness; its awakening is the awakening of the ââ¬Å"true self. â⬠5. Absolute nothingness in action, as it were, entails a negation (of a substantial, self-same self) and an affirmation (of the true self). ââ¬Å"In absolute dialectics, mediation as absolute negation is mediation as absolute death, living by dying absolutelyâ⬠Insofar as this is the finitude of the individual self, it also implies a logic of individuation where the role of other relative selves is dimished. If death is an ever-present opening, the other side of that opening so to speak is the absolute. To die is to stand vis-a-vis the absolute To express the relation between a God and the relative finite self, Nishida introduces a new term, ââ¬Å"inverse correspondenceâ⬠or, we might say, contrary respondence (gyaku-taio). The more one faces ones death, the negation of ones life as an individual, the more acutely one is self-aware as an individual. The closer the finite self approaches God the stronger the difference between them becomes. This peculiar kind of relation implies that God and the relative self are inseparable but never dissolve into one another. If their distinction entails an undifferentiated source of their difference, an absolute nothingness, then the more that source is emphasized the stronger the distinction holds 6. For Hume it is imagination, not reason or experiences that accounts for the persistent belief in the independent existence of an external world. Imagination ultimately overrides reason, and we cannot help believing in an independent, ordered, external world 6. The finite selves meets the asolute Nishida delved deeper into the relation between the individual finite human self and the absolute or God. Experientially it comes to therefore in death. We will consider the meaning of death first, then the nature of God or the absolute in relation to the finite self Conclusion The importance of the Self underlies the notion of essential attribution of being a ratio animalis towards the homo faber or towards the travel we seek to fonder through the capability of transcending our own selves into something, reaching the possibility of the impossibility as a creature of the being ness of God. The essential assertion of the two great thinkers enlighten the dark part of implicit notion regarding the individualistic one but develop the full potentiality that as a being we are capable of being different a unique creation. In Davidââ¬â¢s Hume Concept of the Self he denies that we even have a self; all learning comes from sensory impressions. These empirical notion that embedded a metaphysical configuration that there does not seem to be a separate impression of the self that we experience, there is no reason to believe that we a self, thus it denotes a notion that there is no self at all. The idea of the self pass for clear and intelligible, one impressions that gives rise to every real idea but self or person is not any one impression. Self is supposed to exist after a reference, no impression constant and invariable. ââ¬Å"I ââ¬Å"can never catch myself at any time without a perception and never can observe anything but the perception. When my perception is removed for any time, as by sound sleep; so long an insensible of myself and may truly be said not to exist. â⬠Distinctâ⬠idea of an object, that remains invariable and uninterested through a supposed variation of time; and this idea we call that of identity or sameness. Distinct idea of several different objects existing in succession and connected together by a close relation and this to an accurate view affords as perfect a nation of diversity, as if there was no manner of relation among the objetsâ⬠The nation of a self one soul is very likely s fiction ââ¬Å"I am merely a bundle of percepti ons. There is a consciousness of a continuing succession of experiences, but not of a continuing experiences; compatible view with the physicalist view of personhood. In Nishidaââ¬â¢s notion self is an object or some thing and self is nothing. The self is neither the subject of an experience nor the object of knowing. The self is the experience discussing Nishida, Nishitani described this rapport between experience and self, ââ¬Å"of which it is said not that there is experience because there is a self, but rather that there is a self because there is experience. â⬠This confirms the long standing Buddhist teaching of no self. The actual self is a process. To this process, Nishida assigned a term, koiteki chokkan, acting intuition. Basho literally means ââ¬Å"placeâ⬠or ââ¬Å"fieldâ⬠and suggests an all embracing environment within which all activity occurs. Because it is all embracing, this place o field is without boundaries and without a center of reference. Imagine an infinite circle without a circumference and without a center. As Yuasa stated: The basho is a fundamental restriction on beingââ¬â¢ existence; without it, no beings can exist in the world. Even though basho is without boundaries, boundaries are in practice erected. They are constructed by our empirical self, or ego. Our empirical self, however, is not our true self, but instead the self as subject, a self ââ¬âreferential point of view whereby all else becomes the object for the empirical self. On other words, whereas Basho is a primordial field of oneness, discrimination now results from the construction of boundaries. The discriminating self, as subject, is not the true self. The genuine self, for Nishida and in line with Buddhist teachings, is thus a ââ¬Å"self that is not a self. â⬠This is why Nishida claimed that the self ââ¬Å"lives by dying. â⬠This is also why Nishida emphasized the faculty of intuition, not in a passive but in an active sense. It is through this active intuition that self realizes itself. Discursive, analytical knowledge is sufficient. The comparative rapport which elucidates shows the diversity of both paradigm the perception regarding the self as a metaphysical boundaries because of the emptiness commencement of the place or the Basho and the no self which implicit denotes the impression of non-self. The divergence and similar view differs with regard to the concept of Buddhist connotation of dying, because the Western paradigm does not gives emphasis on such but the self as a bundle theory of impression per se. It shows the intertwine that sought to reality of the centripetal morality of Filipinos that we can see in everyday life. The way Filipino acts, thinks and live. But the challenge is that is really self nothing, is there really no self at all or is just a representation implying the fruitful transcendental aspect of living in the mundane, this a grasp that lies in individuality, in each one of us who has the ability to forsake the ambivalent way of living I the mundane part of our own being ness. The matter of our own body in realistic notion of living a spirited body and soul and the spirited soul which governs our body. The cause of everyday experiences is the long journey towards life as a traveling way of the right part in living the true horizon of governing towards God as the unifying substantive and essential creator of ours. In effect to the beyond port is the imaginative sort through reality and ideology which partakes individual preference to live trough eternally as a finite version of god enable for us to live in a natural and essentiality way of living throughout our own existence in an objective and subjective being ness. This serves as deeper commencement in metaphysical studies that everything rooted through metaphysical studies, thou the past is an end but an end without a period it is a comma that describes an everlasting continuation of learning a new field of knowledgeable affiliations, a modern period or even the time we have today, the contemporary age of today dealt with a big travails of accepting or disregard the information of learning by acquisition as an exemplary of the education per se but what really matters is the stability of being a rational individual capable of a moral altruism in thy self and towards the other that is the centrality of knowledge that even the longest period of time can not erase. The rise of the philosophy in metaphysical boundaries is the beginning of a continuous venture in life that is capable of acquiring new fruitful information that may influence our own individual personhood which regards a starting point of the endless point of learning through philosoph izing. We should not break or deconstruct what lies in our past what the history composed of because it helps us, the future sake to a more success venture regarding new discoveries that is why the modernization towards philosophy is a statue of wisdom. Thus, philosophy is a continuous process of learning through a rational state of existence. Remember that changes are not a hindrance for success. References Books Ayer, A. J. (1980). Hume, Oxford University Press Baillie, James (2000). Hume on Morality, Taylor and Francis Books Ltd. Burns, Kevin (2006). The Greatest Thinkers and Sages from Ancient to Modern Times, Arcturus Publishing Limited Ceniza, Claro R. (2001). Thought, Necessity and Existence: Metaphysics and Epistemology for Lay Philosophy, De La Salle University Press, Inc. Gaskin, J. C. A (1993). Dialogues and Natural History of Religion, Oxford University Press Masao, Abe (1990). An Inquiry into the Good, Yale University Press Mc Grea, Ian P. Greatest Thinkers of the Eastern World, Harper Collins Norton, David Fate (1993). The Cambridge Companion to Hume, Cambridge University Press Perry, John (1975). Personal Identity, University of California Press Pojman, Louis (2003). Theory of Knowledge, Wadsworth Thomson Learning Inc. Solomon, Robert C. (1996). Twenty Questions, Harcourt Brace and Co. Taylor, A. E. (1961). Elements of Metaphysics, Banes and Noble Inc. Internet webpages. uidaho. du/~ivan/phil-103/16. htm:July -28, 2007 http://mywebpage. netscape. com/AAVSO7550/david-hume-the-bundle-theory-of-the-self. html:July 28, 2007 http://legaltheory. tripod. com/humeandkant/: July 28, 2007 http://ccbs. ntu. edu. tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/james1. htm : July 28, 2007 http://fixedreference. org/2006-Wikipedia-CD-Selection/wp/d/David_Hume. htm :July 28,2007 http://www-rohan. sdsu. edu/faculty/feenberg/nshbkck. htm: August 04, 2007 http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/nishida-kitaro/#2. 1: August 04, 2007 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~gallaghr/tics2000. html : August 17, 2007 http://pegasus. cc. ucf. edu/~gallaghr/gallArobase00. html : August 17, 2007 Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-87444723847783679532020-02-24T10:33:00.001-08:002020-02-24T10:33:03.301-08:00Reflections on Learning Related to Information Systems Research PaperReflections on Learning Related to Information Systems - Research Paper Example OOP is also quite responsive to changes undertaken and the changes may be implemented to the individual objects which do not call for a system overhaul. Through encapsulation there is simplicity and effectiveness in object interaction and communication thus testing, debugging and system maintenance is simplified. Easier to manage because of the fact that code can be reused and also because the functionality is modeled using objects and classes. It is possible to use code which has been written before. There is code re-use. With object oriented programming, there is a lot of flexibility because it is possible to get code which performs the same function for a given functionality. Computer science is a field in science hich deals with computer theory while that of I have learnt many things in this course. Systems development is a new branch in information and communications technology. Developing information systems is an important process that should be taken into consideration. Syste ms development is becoming an important aspect in information and communication technology. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a process used to monitor and manage the development of a software. SDLC is an important model that is used to manage the whole process. It is important in developing a software output which is reliable and valid. It therefore acts as a guide when developing a software product (Schneider 2010). The development process of a software product entails a lot of steps. All these steps should be followed up in its entirety to ensure that all the processes are captured in the development process. For a good software to be developed, there is need to ensure that all the steps are followed extensively so that the occurrence of bugs can be minimized. SDLC also helps as a guide in collecting data that is used to design the software. In the design of a software, it is imperative that the software meets the requirements of the users so that their needs are met. I h ave learnt that there are various stages that systems development will undergo in order to have acomplete system. Systems design undergoes a lot of processes and stages. This is taken so that all the processes that are required have been made. This is the reason there is a need to have a thorough system analysis process when creating a system. System analysis entails having a thorough understanding of the system and what will need to be integrated and also looking at the possible bugs that might be introduced in the system. It is therefore important to have a physical representation of the system so that it becomes clear what needs to be achieved. In terms of systems theory, I have learnt that systems theory is an important theory that needs to be followed when developing information systems. Systems theory was developed from unified data modeling. Use cases on the other hand describe the behavior of the system in the event of stimulation by any of the actors. The behavior is then d ocumented or described textually. It describes the inputs and outputs from the actors the process of conversion of the inputs to produce the outputs and the effects of the outputs to the other actors of the system. A use case also describes errors that can be encountered in the process of conversion of input to output and explains the possible mitigation Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-42447848733737980102020-02-08T03:21:00.001-08:002020-02-08T03:21:03.077-08:00JOB ANALYSIS MATERIALS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsJOB ANALYSIS MATERIALS - Assignment Example Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of merchandise. Customer-focused retail sales associate with a solid understanding of the dynamics of the retail industry. Results-driven Customer Services Representative with proven ability to establish rapport with clients. Greeting customers entering the store to describe our products. Explain and introduce the Youth Olympic Games to both Chinese and foreign customers. Help conduct weekly and monthly sales report and care of merchandise. Organized weekly sales reports for the sales department to track product success. Greeted customers entering the store to ascertain what each customer wanted or needed. Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of merchandise Customer-focused retail sales associate with a solid understanding of the dynamics of the retail industry. Results-driven Customer Services Representative with proven ability to establish rapport with clients. Greeting customers entering the store to describe our products. Explain and introduce the Youth Olympic Games to both Chinese and foreign customers. Help conduct weekly and monthly sales report and care of merchandise. Organized weekly sales reports for the sales department to track product success. Greeted customers entering the store to ascertain what each customer wanted or needed. Described product to customers and accurately explained details and care of Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-10076865497215774552020-01-29T15:59:00.001-08:002020-01-29T15:59:04.956-08:00Areas for improvement for Football Essay Example for Free Areas for improvement for Football Essay I watched a football match that was Pendle Vale vs Marsden Heights. I observed the match and saw many areas for improvement. These are some of the things that could be improved Set Pieces To improve Pendle vales set pieces, I felt they needed to be more precise and accurate as the ball was not reaching the player. Also I felt that they needed to be played with pace as the defender had too much time to read where the ball was going. If the ball was more accurate it would have been hard for the opposition to get as a result giving the attacking team more of a chance to score. Another way the set piece could have been improved is by playing the ball according to the opposing teams weaknesses, for example, there was a short defender from Marsden Heights was marking a taller striker fom Pendle Vale. I felt that the ball should have been played to the taller striker because the defender has a smaller chance of clearing the ball, therefore it would have created more of a chance to score. When a Pendle vale player was taking a set piece, it was not crossed into a danger zone, for example, in the 18 yard box or the far post or near post. As a result, it posed a smaller threat for Marsden heights and also did not put them under any pressure. To improve this they need to cross the ball into more danger zones so that they have more of a chance of scoring. To add to this, another useful improvement would be if they disguised a shot at goal, by blocking the goal keepers view of the ball by placing their own players there. This would have given the goal keeper less time to react and thus could have resulted in a goal. Man Marking and Zone Marking the player from Marsden was comfortably able to move around the pitch as no Pendle Vale defender was marking him. To improve on this the defender should stay close to the attacker, thus giving him less room to pass the ball and to create any possible chances. By man-marking a player closely it forces even the best attacker to make mistakes in the game because the strikers team mates know he may be forced into making an error because of the pressure he is under from the defender. Pendle Vale could have reduced the threat that Marsden Heights posed by zone marking. This also did not happen and Marsden Heights were able to play into the danger zones. To improve zone marking, the right back defender should use his intelligence by marking a zone where Marsden Heights like to play. For example, Marsden Heights seemed to like playing on the wing and then crossing the ball, if a defender is already on the wing, it may cause the team to play into a less dangerous zone. This would improve zone marking. Another error I realised was that Marsden Heights posed to much of a threat at goal to Pendle Vale. To improve this Pendle Vale should have used zone marking. To do this the right back should have used his understanding of the game and marked the zone where Marsden Heights were likely to cross or pass the ball. For example, Marsden Heights seemed to like playing through middle and then having a go at goal, if a centre back is already there, it may cause the team to play a less dangerous pass and there for created less threat, this would have improved zone marking. Counter Attacking I also noticed that Pendle Vales counter attacking was inadequate; I felt the players were not sprinting to their potential and the ball was not cleared fast enough by the defenders. Their counter attacking could be improved in many ways. For example after a set piece is taken, the ball should be cleared quickly leaving no room for mistakes. Then the attacking midfielders should sprint to the opposing 18 yard box and provide support by finding space so that the receiving ball can be passed quickly, by doing this, the striker on the ball would have had much more options, he could pass the ball to his wingers or centre forwards, this would have created a chance to score a goal. Playing counter attacking outnumbers the defenders and increases the chance of scoring. Badminton Tactics Over Head Clearance an overhead clearance is a shot played from the back of the court to the other end of the court. This is a good tactical way, because brings the opponent right to the back of the court. This makes it easy to do a smash or drop shot. The opponent usually finds it difficult to get to receive the shuttle cock, thus conceding a point. This type of shot makes it easier to retrieve the opponents shot when he struggles to return it deep into the court. This is why it is a good tactical shot. Long and Short Serve The long serve is a good tactical shot as the opponent is pushed (far side) deep into his side of the court, this is because it is easier to retrieve the opponents shot when he is deep in the court. Also the opponent is likely to return the shot high, making it easy to claim a point, as you have a choice of either doing a smash shot or disguise a drop shot. The short serve is also a good way of forcing the opponent to come closer to the net, as a result making it easy to do an over head clearance shot, because of this he may return a poor shot giving you the chance of taking a point. Smash- a smash is a very good tactic which requires power and timing; it is used commonly throughout badminton games in order to win points. A smash is when the shuttle is hit facing towards the ground fast, this makes it harder for the opponent to return, which will either result in a point conceded or if he does hit it he will hit it in the air. This then can provide the opponent to do another smash, but one that is aimed at the far side of the court. Drop shot- this is another great tactic which requires minimal power, it is done by hitting the shuttle as low as possible over the net, the most effective time to do this is when the opponent is at the back of the court. Ready position- when serving the player should stand between the net of the court and the baseline. Also he should be more or less in the middle of the two sidelines which will make it easier to return a shot going either side. He should stand with his knees bent at a slight angle which should provide him with better agility and movement. Also it will help him return the shot more easily despite where it is going. His eyes should always be on the shuttle and his racket should be held just above his head ready to return the serve. Equally this will make his position a good tactic Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-27543855197458003842020-01-21T12:23:00.001-08:002020-01-21T12:23:02.848-08:00Essay on Rewriting History in Henry IV -- Henry IV Henry V EssaysRewriting History in Henry IV à à à à à à The master of historiography is, perhaps, Shakespeare as evidenced by his History Plays. Whereas most writers merely borrow from history to fuel their creative fires, Shakespeare goes so far as to rewrite history. The First Part of Henry the Fourth follows history fairly closely, and Shakespeare draws this history primarily from Raphael Holinshed's Chronicle of England, Scotland, and Ireland and from Samuel Daniel's verse epic The Civil Wars (Abrams 823). à à à à à à à à à à à The play opens shortly after Henry Bolingbroke has usurped the throne from Richard II, becoming the fourth King Henry, and changing the royal lineage from the House of Plantagenet to the House of Lancaster. In the opening sequence, Henry IV is in the process of vowing peace in England and promising a crusade to liberate the Holy Land. No motive for this crusade surfaces in 1 Henry IV, other than the fact that it is some unfinished business from Shakespeare's preceding play Richard II (Kelly 214). Henry's pledge of civil peace is ironic because during this first scene he receives word that his troops have been overtaken by Glendower in Wales, and Hotspur has met and defeated the Scots in the North (1.1.36-61). To the news, the King replies, "It seems then that the tidings of this broil / Brake off our business for the Holy Land" (1.1.47-8). Postponing the business in Jerusalem, Henry IV eventually leads England into civil war with Hotspur a t the Battle of Shrewsbury. These actions will ultimately ignite the War of the Roses between the Lancasters (Henry IV's family) and the Yorks (descendants of Richard II). à à à à à à à à à à à The play then shifts its focus to the younger Henry, nicknamed Hal. Shakespeare portrays the ... ... as king. Shakespeare the Historian is not so wonderful as Shakespeare the Playwright, yet through Shakespeare's History Plays many modern readers draw their knowledge of the history prior to Shakespeare. à Works Cited * Drabble, Margaret, ed. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 5th Ed. New York: Oxford UP, 1985. * Jacob, E. F. The Fifteenth Century: 1399-1485. London: Oxford UP, 1961. * Kelly, Henry Ansgar. Divine Providence in the England of Shakespeare's Histories. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1970. * McFarlane, K. B. Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights. London: Oxford UP, 1972. * Rowse, A. L. Bosworth Field: From Medieval to Tudor England. New York: Doubleday, 1966. * Shakespeare, William. 1 Henry IV. Ed. M. H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. 1, 6th ed. New York: Norton, 1993. à Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-38489070045815599042020-01-13T08:47:00.001-08:002020-01-13T08:47:04.807-08:00Leadership Style and Performance EssayAn overview of the topic of leadership styles summarizes that the existing studies on how performance is affected by leadership style is separated into important phases. Early studies on leadership (frequently categorized as ââ¬Ëtraitââ¬â¢ studies on leadership) concentrated on identifying the personality traits which characterized successful leaders (Argyris, 1955; Mahoney et al. , 1960). According to them successful leaders are ââ¬Ënaturally bornââ¬â¢ and those they have certain native characteristics which distinguish them from non-leaders (see Stodgill, 1948). However, there was significant difficulty in validating these characteristics led to widespread criticism of this trait approach, signaling the emergence of ââ¬Ëstyleââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëbehavioralââ¬â¢ approaches to leadership (Stodgill, 1948). Style and behavioral theorists shifted the emphasis away from the characteristics of the leader to the behavior and style the leader adopted. The primry conclusion of these studies is that adoption of democratic or participative styles by leaders are more successful (see, for example, Bowsers and Seashore, 1966). In this sense, these early studies are focused on identifying the ââ¬Ëone best way of leadingââ¬â¢. Similarly to trait theories, the major weakness of style and behavioral theories is the ignorance of how important role situational factors play in determining the effectiveness of individual leaders (Mullins, 1999). It is this limitation that gives rise to the ââ¬Ësituationalââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëcontingencyââ¬â¢ theories of leadership (for example, Fiedler, 1967; House, 1971; Vroom and Yetton, 1974) which shift the emphasis away from ââ¬Ëthe one best way to leadââ¬â¢ to context-sensitive leadership. Although each study emphasizes the importance of different factors, the general tenet of the situational and contingency perspectives is that leadership effectiveness is dependent on the leaderââ¬â¢s diagnosis and understanding of situational factors, followed by the adoption of the appropriate style to deal with each circumstance. However, recent studies on leadership have contrasted ââ¬Ëtransactionalââ¬â¢ leadership with ââ¬Ëtransformationalââ¬â¢. Transactional leaders are said to be ââ¬Ëinstrumentalââ¬â¢ and frequently focus on exchange relationship with their subordinates. In contrast, transformational leaders are argued to be visionary and enthusiastic, with an inherent ability to motivate subordinates. Although the brief summary above indicates that research into leadership has gone through periods of skepticism, recent interest has focused on the importance of the leadership role to the success of organizations. Fiedler (1996), one of the most respected researchers on leadership, has provided a recent treatise on the importance of leadership by arguing that the effectiveness of a leader is a major determinant of the success or failure of a group, organization or even an entire country. It has been argued that one way in which organizations have sought to cope with the increasing volatility and turbulence of the external environment is by training and developing leaders and equipping them with the skills to cope. These claims are based on the assumption of a direct link between leadership and organizational performance. This assumption requires critical review. Widely celebrated cases of a direct leadershipââ¬âperformance link may be found in numerous anecdotal accounts of improvements of company performance attributed to changes in leadership (see, for example, Nicholls, 1988; Quick, 1992; Simms, 1997). However, empirical studies into the links between leadership and performance have been lacking. One notable exception is the detailed study of the impact of leadership on performance in the somewhat surprising context of Icelandic fishing ships. Thorlindsson (1987) suggests that variations in the performance of different fishing ships, under identical conditions, can be accounted for by the leadership skills of captains. Over a three-year period, Thorlindsson revealed that the leadership qualities of the ship captains accounted for 35 to 49 per cent of variation in the catch of different crews. Other studies which examine the links between leadership and performance coincide with the re-emergence of the ââ¬Ëone best way to leadââ¬â¢ debate. Of particular relevance is the resurgence of interest into charismatic leadership, which is frequently referred to as transformational leadership (Bass and Avolio, 1993). A number of researchers theorize that transformational leadership is linked to organizational performance. Conceptually, it is argued that the visionary and inspirational skills of transformational leaders motivate followers to deliver superior performance. In summary, much of the above evidence presented as supporting the claim of a leadershipââ¬âperformance link is anecdotal and frequently over-concentrates on the ââ¬Ëtransformationalââ¬â¢ role of leaders in corporate successes. It would appear that few studies have responded to the observation of Porter and Mckibbin (1988) that much of the research reported as supporting this claim is either inconclusive or empirically suspect. The limited or inconclusive character of research findings in this area suggests the need to investigate further the nature of the relationship between leadership and performance. Several different categories of leadership paradigms have been suggested by various researchers. For example, Bass (1985) stated that there are four dimensions of transformational leadership, three dimensions of transactional leadership, and a non-leadership dimension of laissez-faire leadership (Bass, 1985). Avery (2004) suggested categorizing leadership into four leadership paradigms, while Goleman (1995) prefers six leadership paradigms. Despite Bassââ¬â¢s (1985) model being acclaimed as making a major contribution to leadership, his theory has been criticized for various reasons (Yukl, 1999). One criticism is that his model overemphasizes the importance of one or two leadership paradigms (e. g. transactional and visionary), omitting the classical and organic paradigms Bass asserts that visionary (transformational) leaders are nearly always more effective than transactional leaders, but others (e. g. Judge and Piccolo, 2004; Wallace, 1997) dispute this. While this in itself does not invalidate the concept of visionary leadership, Bass attributes more to visionary (transformational) leadership than perhaps he should. As Avery (2004) suggested, both transactional and visionary leadership are valid forms of leadership, but visionary leadership may be applicable more broadly, including in situations where there are insufficient resources for the manager to rely on supplying external rewards (Judge and Piccolo, 2004), or where the situation is complex and ambiguous, and relies strongly on follower knowledge and commitment. Avery suggests that there are other situations in which transactional leadership is the appropriate form of leadership, such as when followers are unwilling or unable to commit to the leaderââ¬â¢s vision. In contrast with Bassââ¬â¢s (1985) model, Averyââ¬â¢s (2004) paradigms provide a broad basis allowing for different forms of leadership that have evolved at different times and in different places. The paradigms are useful for showing that there is no single best way of thinking about leadership, rather that different kinds of leadership reflect social and historical roots. Averyââ¬â¢s paradigms allow leadership to depend on the context, respond to organizational needs and preferences, and involve many interdependent factors that can be manipulated (Bryman, 1992; Shamir and Howell, 1999; Yukl, 1999). Avery (2004) proposes 13 indices to differentiate between her four paradigms: classical, transactional, visionary, and organic. The nine indices included in this review are decision making, range of staffââ¬â¢s power, power distance between leader and the staff, key player of the organization, source of staffââ¬â¢s commitment, staffââ¬â¢s responsibility, situation of management and leadership in the organization, situation of diversity in the organization and situation of control in the organization. These nine criteria are considered more relevant for differentiating the four leadership paradigms than the other four criteria. Each paradigm is discussed in turn, including the distinguishing characteristics using the above nine criteria. Classical leadership is probably the oldest paradigm with its origins in antiquity, and is still used in contemporary organizations (Avery, 2004). This paradigm reflected the prevailing view in the business literature until the 1970s when the human relations movement led to more of a focus on followers and their environment. According to Avery (2004), classical leadership refers to dominance by a pre-eminent person or an ââ¬Ëeliteââ¬â¢ group of people. This leadership can either be coercive or benevolent or a mixture of both. This happens because the elite individual or group commands or maneuvers other members to act towards a goal, which may or may not be explicitly stated. The other members of the society or organization typically adhere to the directives of the elite leader, do not openly question their directives, and execute orders largely out of fear of the consequences of not doing so, or out of respect for the leader, or both (Avery, 2004). Classical leadership has some limitations. The first occurs where the leader cannot command and control every action, particularly as situations become more complex and beyond the capacity of one person; or when additional commitment from followers is needed to get a job done, such as in reacting to changing circumstances; or when ideas about leadership change and followers no longer accept domination, or follower commitment starts to wane for other reasons. Another limitation is that this paradigm often relies on the idea of a ââ¬Ëgreat personââ¬â¢, implying that only a select few are good enough to exercise initiative, and this belief can encourage followers to deskill themselves nd idealize the leaders. Followers then seek and hold little power, leave the leader accountable for organizational outcomes, and make relatively little contribution to the organization (Avery, 2004). According to the nine distinguishing indicators, under the classical leadership paradigm leaders normally use an autocratic style for making decisions, involving followers in the decision making process never or very little; they do not empower followers. Followers have almost no power in the organization and as classical leaders tend to be highly directive, followers can be unskilled. The source of followersââ¬â¢ commitment comes from their fear of or respect for the leaders; the technical system becomes more regulating; the operations in the organization become more routine and predictable; and the organization is highly controlled by the leaders (Avery, 2004). A transaction or exchange process is the basis of the commonly employed transactional leadership paradigm (Evans and Dermer, 1974; House and Mitchell, 1974). The transactional leader recognizes subordinatesââ¬â¢ needs and desires, and then clarifies how those needs and desires will be met in exchange for subordinatesââ¬â¢ work. By clarifying what is required of subordinates and the consequences of their behaviors, transactional leaders are able to build confidence in subordinates to exert the necessary effort to achieve expected levels of performance. According to Judge and Piccolo (2004), three dimensions of transactional leadership are contingent reward, management by exception-active, and management by exception-passive. Contingent reward is the degree to which the leader sets up constructive transactions or exchanges with followers. The leader clarifies expectations and establishes the rewards for meeting these expectations. In general, management by exception is the degree to which the leader takes corrective action on the basis of results of leader-follower transactions (Judge and Piccolo, 2004). As noted by Howell and Avolio (1993), the difference between management by exception-active and management by exception-passive lies in the timing of the leaderââ¬â¢s intervention. Active leaders monitor follower behavior, anticipate problems, and take corrective actions before the behavior creates serious difficulties. Passive leaders wait until the behavior has created problems before taking action (Howell and Avolio, 1993; Judge and Piccolo, 2004). According to Avery (2004, p. 34), under the transactional leadership paradigm, leaders adopt a consultative style for making decisions. They engage in different degrees of consultation with individual followers, but the leaders remain the final decision-makers. Leaders do not very often empower followers, and followers have very low power in the organization apart from being able to withdraw from or contribute more of their labor. Compared with classical leadership, under transactional leadership the source of followersââ¬â¢ commitment comes from the rewards, agreements, and expectations negotiated with the leader rather than from their fear of, or respect for, the classical leader. The technical system becomes more regulating, the operations in the organization become more routine and predictable, and the organization is mostly highly controlled by the leaders. Avery (2004) argues that under transactional leadership, the followersââ¬â¢ knowledge base can be somewhat higher than under classical leadership. Compared with classical leaders, transactional leaders require staff somewhat more skilled on specific tasks. In the last three decades, visionary (transformational, charismatic) leadership has received increasing attention (Bass, 1985, 1998; Burns, 1978; Conger and Kanungo, 1987; House, 1977). It added a new dimension to organizational studies, namely the visionary aspect of leadership and the emotional involvement of employees within an organization. The basic notion is that a visionary leader can create an impression that he or she has high competence and a vision to achieve success. Subordinates are expected to respond with enthusiasm and commitment to the leadership objectives, and may be recruited because they share the vision. Bass (1985, 1998) developed a theory of visionary or transformational leadership whereby the leader inspires and activates subordinates to perform beyond normal expectations. According to Avery (2004), visionary leadership has limitations, even with the current literatureââ¬â¢s overwhelmingly positive view of it. Nadler and Tuschman (1990) pointed out that the unrealistic expectations followers often place on visionary leaders can create disappointment if things do not work out. Followers can become dependent on visionary leaders, believing that the leader has everything under control. Also, innovation can be inhibited if people become reluctant to disagree with a visionary leader. Avery (2004, p. 39) distinguishes the visionary leadership paradigm from the other three paradigms as follows. First, leaders employ a collaborative style for making decisions. They share problems with their followers and seek consensus before the leaders make the final decision. Visionary leaders empower their followers, giving followers a much higher level of power in the organization than classical and transactional leadership. This is essential because the leader needs the followersââ¬â¢ input and commitment to realize his or her goals. Followers of visionary leadership need sufficient power to work autonomously towards a shared vision. The source of followersââ¬â¢ commitment comes from the influence of the leadersââ¬â¢ charisma and/or the shared vision, the technical system becomes still more complex, operations become more uncertain and unpredictable, and the organization is jointly controlled by the leaders and their followers. Regarding the followersââ¬â¢ knowledge base, visionary leadership requires skilled and knowledgeable workers who are attracted to, and share the leaderââ¬â¢s vision, and can contribute to realizing the vision. The fourth paradigm, organic leadership, is relatively new to organizational studies. Recently introduced by Drath (2001) and expanded by Avery (2004), organic leadership is likely to blur the formal distinction between leaders and followers. This paradigm relies on reciprocal actions, where team members work together in whatever roles of authority and power they may have, not based on position power (Hirschhorn, 1997; Raelin, 2003; Rothschild and Whitt, 1986). Employees become interacting partners in determining what makes sense, how to adapt to change, and what is a useful direction. Rather than relying on one leader, organic organizations are likely to have many leaders. Multiple leaders are valuable because as people cope with heterogeneous and dynamic environments, the knowledge and issues become too complicated for only a few leaders to understand (Avery, 2004). Organic leadership allows for people with different degrees of expertise on current issues to emerge and be accepted by the group as leaders. In addition, under organic leadership, there may be no formal leaders and the interaction of all organizational members can act as a form of leadership, held together by a shared vision, values, and a supporting culture. Under this paradigm where an organization has no formal leadership structure, an integrator role may emerge to actively link together the many parts of the organization (Avery, 2004). The emphasis is on emerging leadership rather than on people being appointed to leadership positions. However, Kanter (1989) argued that the downside of organic leadership that advocates autonomy, freedom, discretion and authorization may result in loss of control and greatly increased uncertainty. It is important to recognize that organic leadership is about generating a form of self-control and self-organization, where people have a clear sense of purpose and autonomy within a particular context (Meindl, 1998). This idealized organic leadership paradigm requires differentiating from classical, transactional, and visionary leadership concepts by not relying on formal leaders. Furthermore, the enterprise has to trust in the capacity of its members to solve problems and make decisions in the interests of the organization. This idea clearly relies upon self-leading organizational members (Avery, 2004). According to Averyââ¬â¢s (2004, p. 39) distinguishing characteristics, under organic leadership an organization adopts a mutual agreement style for making decisions. Decisions need not be unanimous but can be based on consensus. The members have a high degree of power as a result of this shared leadership. Accountability and responsibility are shared as well. The source of followersââ¬â¢ commitment is based on the values and visions shared by all the members in the organization; a strong, shared culture; a technical system that is highly complex; operations in the organic organization become more self-organizing and unpredictable; formal control is provided by peer pressure and group dynamics, and a shared culture, vision, and values. Members are self-managing. Organic leadership seems particularly appropriate for professional and knowledge workers in dynamic, chaotic situations. This leadership paradigm relies on attracting and retaining highly trained and knowledgeable staff with self-controlling capabilities. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-43671608218946084692020-01-05T05:11:00.001-08:002020-01-05T05:11:03.238-08:00Baldwin-Wallace University Admission ACT, Acceptance RateMikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-47052754447519327172019-12-28T01:36:00.001-08:002019-12-28T01:36:03.177-08:00The Impact Of Trust By Steven Covey - 1436 Words The Impact of Trust Steven Covey said, ââ¬Å"Trust is the glue of life. It s the most essential ingredient in effective communication. It s the foundational principle that holds all relationships (Covey, 2017).â⬠We unknowingly have trust in many individuals: doctors, firefighters, pilots, and many more. Trust impacts us every day. It impacts our relationships with family, friend, colleagues, and even strangers. We all have different levels of trust in our lives depending on our environment and the people we interact with. Trust starts at birth, develops through a personââ¬â¢s lifetime, and will impact their future and their relationship with others. Overview of Trust Erik Erikson believes that trust starts at birth, and your level of trustâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦My class mate couldnââ¬â¢t fully fall backwards because she couldnââ¬â¢t make herself vulnerable. The real question is, ââ¬Å"Who do we trust?â⬠A study by Maxwell J. Mehlman tried to answer this question with a research study. In his study, he found that people tend to be more trusting with people of authority (Mehlman, 2016). This study makes a lot of sense to me. We unknowingly trust people like doctors, teachers, and many others. Bruce Compton said we tend to trust people of authority because of respect (Compton, 2015). Because there is already a visual of the person you have respect with, it is very easy to have trust with that person (Compton, 2015). How Trust Has shaped me I have always had trust issues throughout my whole life. It was always difficult to trust my friends in school. Since I was ten years old, I was bullied because of my looks and weight. I could never really trust my friends because I was always worried they would go and make fun of me. I was put through the ultimate test of trust my senior year or high school. I had to put a lot of trust into a group of doctors. My journey started when I went to the dermatologist for my acne. My doctor had me get a blood test to check my hormone levels to see if that was the cause. What the test revealed was that my free-testosterone level was triple what it should have been. From there, they referred me to an OBGYN. I then got an ultrasound that revealed aShow MoreRelated Steven Coveys The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Essay2716 Words à |à 11 PagesSteven Coveys The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People In the book, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Steven Covey, lessons for personal change are presented in a very powerful and understandable way. The Habits can be applied to our own lives, our leadership of other people, a school or any other organization that can be run more effectively. However, before an application of these Habits can be made, a basic understanding of the material presented in the book must be obtainedRead MoreLeadership : A Successful Organization Or Team862 Words à |à 4 Pagesfor creating a successful team. Not being a micromanager is important for employees to see. Seeing that the leader trust their decisions making skills and by encouraging creative thinking in the employees are empowering them to take on new challenges and play a bigger role in the success of the team and of the business. Being transparent with my team will ensure that my team-members trust me. Itââ¬â¢s important to share important information about the business, whethe r the information they receive it goodRead MoreCommunication Is A Part Of Everyday Life Essay1383 Words à |à 6 Pages Communication and Leadership Melissa Stevens ORG 300-5 Applying Leadership Principles Dr. Barbara-Leigh Tonelli September 29, 2016 Communication is a part of everyday life. Not only is it present in our personal lives, but in the workplace as well. Communication is an essential skill that we cannot avoid, and should be perfected as a goal in improving your leadership efficiency. When in a leadership role, the leader must influence others effectively. Being anRead MoreEssay on Reality-Based Leadership ~ My Opinion1554 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe changes necessary. The employees will begin to ââ¬Å"roll with the punchesâ⬠and make change happen with the least amount of emotional impact. By being an effective leader you are involved with your employees and management, you are the middle man shielding the employees from the higher management that want more and more with less and less. Steven Covey discusses that everyone has a ââ¬Å"circle of influence encompassed by a circle of concernâ⬠(Center) and that as they build the necessaryRead MoreExecutive Coaching2520 Words à |à 11 Pagesmanagement hierarchical control of employees gave way to trust and collaboration with workers. Working through the era of Total Quality Management and other performance improvement initiatives, also brought more focus on employee performance. Consultants and process improvement guruââ¬â¢s began to arrive on the scene, but it was soon discovered that real performance improvements would also need to include the leadership and employees. Steven Covey, author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective PeopleRead MoreThe Importance of Coaching and Initial Induction of New Employees4461 Words à |à 18 PagesIntroduction When a company takes on new employees, at any level, the initial impression of professionalism and competence will have an impact on the effectiveness and contribution of that employee. It sets out the standards of what is expected in terms of safety, procedures, and performance. A good induction will welcome the new employee and help them to integrate into the business more smoothly. It is important to remember that all employees, new and existing, have skills which may not beRead MoreStars and Stepping Stones4663 Words à |à 19 Pagesyou get out of bed in the morning? What do you want to have accomplished by the time you are seventy?â⬠All too often, the response was: ââ¬Å"I donââ¬â¢t know. I just want to take the best job.â⬠I would sigh and flip a coin. It was the best I could do. Steven Covey advises ââ¬Å"to begin with the end in mind.â⬠This is sound advice. Each of us has a spark of divine inspiration that can lead to lifelong goals. Once you have discovered these goals and your end purpose is clear, you can begin to set a life plan, backingRead MoreLeadership and Team9120 Words à |à 37 PagesManaging my personal stress, established from my journal entries about stress within the workplace. I need to bring my team along with me, on what is going to be a rocky journey, with implementation of a new structure, in this I identify with Tom Stevens Wizard of Oz leadership lessons. ââ¬Å"Whatââ¬â¢s in it for me? ......... Everyone needs to get to the Emerald City to....... The journey is safer and more productive travelling together....... ââ¬Å"Leadership is much more than telling people to go downRead MoreHr Map13642 Words à |à 55 Pagesuk/bookstore. 10 Manages organisation learning management or training records system and highlights retraining requirements in safety-critical skills and areas of compliance. 10 Keeps abreast of local and international legislative changes that may impact learning and talent development, eg HSE, food hygiene training and legal training. 10 Establishes systems and processes to ensure that sta are adequately trained and regularly retrained in safety-critical skills and other compliance issues in accordanceRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words à |à 206 Pagesââ¬Å"Probably a small fraction of the total project cost?â⬠ââ¬Å"Precisely,â⬠I responded. ââ¬Å"In fact, this is true for many customers in any industry who purchase materials for a project. If several suppliers have equivalent products at almost the same price, what impact does the price of your product have on winning a deal?â⬠ââ¬Å"For the purchasing agent it could be a factor, but as far as the project manager is concerned, unless there is a huge difference in price, it doesnââ¬â¢t help,â⬠Jordan answered. ââ¬Å"Correct!â⬠I exclaimed Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-29688344159906280152019-12-19T21:23:00.001-08:002019-12-19T21:23:04.397-08:00Corruption Of The Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay - 711 Words Sebastian Santizo Mrs. Sachs English. 11 29 September 2015 Corruption in Salem the Crucible Imagine living in a society where you are guilty till proven innocent, instead of innocent til proven guilty. Due to the bias preference of the word of ââ¬Å"Godâ⬠in the story The Crucible By Arthur Miller, it is greatly implied that many of the casualties such as John and Elizabeth Proctor to name a couple was due to the restricted theology of church and state. In the Puritan New England town of Salem, Massachusetts, a group of girls goes dancing in the forest with a black slave named Tituba. While dancing, they are caught by the local minister, Reverend Parris. These girls are who create most of the controversy, as they lie to get through most circumstances. A specific individual is Abigail Williams, playing the victim for example as she blames Tituba in page 43 saying ââ¬Å"She makes me drink blood!â⬠leading to Tituba to being pulled to the side in page 44 and yelled at ââ¬Å"you will confess yourself or I will take you out and whip you to deathâ⬠making her give in, in order for him to spare her life. leading to further unjustifiable atrocities. these are only a few of many examples of a broken outdated system which intertwines both church and state, Due to morally bankrupt foundation of the church and state many residents among Salem has remained ââ¬Å"selfishâ⬠and took advantage to blame on another in order to save themselves through accusations, while others simply did it for greed. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible : A Cautionary Tale Of Corruption926 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Crucible: A Cautionary Tale of Corruption In Religion The Crucible is a dramatic play written by Arthur Miller in 1953. Miller intrigues his audience with the story of the Salem witch trials, which he loosely based on real events and people from that time period. While there are many different themes at work in this tragedy, the most thought provoking of these is the theme of religion. Puritanism was a large part of everyday life in Salem and this play clearly demonstrates its effect on societyRead MoreImpact Of Irrational Fear On The Crucible By Arthur Miller1563 Words à |à 7 Pagesin The Crucible Throughout history, many horrific incidents based on an act of violence or disagreement have resulted in panic and mass hysteria. These historical events include but are not limited to, The Holocaust, mass shootings, and 9/11. Many of these tragic events have led to people being immensely afraid. These events often create fear for those who participate in everyday activities. A healthy community consists of a support system, peace, trust, and adhering to societal laws. Arthur Millerââ¬â¢sRead MoreArthur Miller s Real Life Events Behind Lies, Betrayal, And Conflict853 Words à |à 4 PagesArthur Millerââ¬â¢s real life events behind lies, betrayal, and conflict. Arthur Miller was an American novelist who has wrote many plays, such as The Crucible. The Crucible 1953, recreates the Salem Witch Trials, focusing on paranoid hysteria as well as the individuals struggling to remain true to ideals and convictions (Cliff Notes). Prior to writing the play, Arthur Miller experienced scen arios in his life that persuaded him to write the drama noted in the Salem Witch Trials. For example, he was targetedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words à |à 6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950ââ¬â¢s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead More The Importance of Context in The Crucible by Aurthur Miller Essay1336 Words à |à 6 Pagescultural background influencing a text, which allows enrichment of reading and understanding that can be gained from a text. The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a play which is a fitting example o f this statement. This is due to the multiple references Miller has made to both the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and to the McCarthy era, the period in which the play was written. Although Miller states ââ¬Å"this play is not historyâ⬠, it serves as an allegory for both time periods and it was the appreciation I had for theRead MoreUnity Vs Exclusion : The Headmaster s Wager And The Crucible788 Words à |à 4 PagesHeadmasterââ¬â¢s Wager and The crucible A community is like a human being, everything within it should work together to sustain the health and life of everyone that lives in it. Like the human body, it is made of various systems that need to comply to keep the human alive. The brain cannot sustain life if it does not receive nutrients and oxygen from the digestive system and the heart. The community in both texts, The Headmasterââ¬â¢s Wager by Vincent Lam and The Crucible by Arthur Miller display a clear outlineRead MoreThe Crucible: a Struggle for Power933 Words à |à 4 PagesCorruption and gullibility drove Salem into panic and fear. The Salem Witch Trials were written in the book The Crucible by Arthur Miller. The Crucible is a story about the trials in town called Salem; in this town a group of girls led by Abigail goes to the woods and dances. Abigailââ¬â¢s uncle, Samuel Parris, found them dancing in the woods, which causes the whole town to go into hysteria. The town starts accusing each other of witchcraft. Samuel Parris is a minister that is terrified that the townRead MoreSimilarities Between Mccarthyism And The Crucible997 Words à |à 4 PagesWitch hunts have been mentioned in the times of McCarthyism and in The Crucible by Arthur Miller. Being put on the list for being a witch like in The Crucible, or being blacklisted in McCarthyism times was not a good thing. McCarthyism and The Crucible are similar in the concept of witch hunts, but the consequences are rather different. During the times of witch hunts in McCarthyism and in The Crucible, people would just assume someone is a witch or communist. The person being accused would be putRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1355 Words à |à 6 PagesProving a point was a necessity for Arthur Miller during the 1950ââ¬â¢s, and he proves his point through The Crucible, a play about the Salem Witch Trials. Miller attacks the red scare, which was a time of fear of communism growing in America, and proves the how similar the two events were, and how they are important. As a political allegory of the red scare, Millerââ¬â¢s relatively accurate comparison between the red scare and the Salem Witch Trials through The Crucible demonstrates the theme of subjectiveRead MoreMccarthyism : The Crucibles 1559 Words à |à 7 Pagesunfortunate event cause them to fall part; accusations of witchcraft. Arthur Miller who wrote ââ¬Å"The Cruciblesâ⬠uses the theme of how fear can motivate you to make different k ind of actions to compare to MCcarthyism that occurred in 1950s. In the 1950s, Joseph McCarthy was accusing citizens of communists with no proof, which is what Danforth the judge did in the book; accuses people of doing witchcraft without any evidence. Arthur Miller showcases each character with unique character traits to represent Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-50369338821113875832019-12-11T18:06:00.001-08:002019-12-11T18:06:04.109-08:00Importance of Internet of Things -Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com Questions: 1.What does the statement "the best interface for a system is no User Interface"? When might this apply and provide two examples. 2.Compare the bandwidth, distance, interference rating, cost and security of a) twisted pair cable, b) coaxial cable and 3) fibre optic cable. Use current data, give specific details for at least 3 types of cable within each category, these should have different specifications, rather than simply different brands of the same type. Answers: 1.User experience (UX) or human-to-machine cooperation is exceptionally critical for the achievement of IoT. The main focus of IoT UX rule is meeting the fundamental requirements for the utilization of an item or an administration without disturbance or trouble. Overengineering or including excessively insight into items can blowback and be counterproductive. UIs that are frustrating to utilize and ease back to separate significant data can prompt client abandonment. Eg: A toaster exists to make toast. In any case, if we overengineer with a lot of data, switches and alternatives, we make building items that are annoying to the point that our clients won't have any desire to utilize them. Usability is considered as the best prerequisite for any electronic framework. Eg: Apple's iPhone versus rival devices with a similar usefulness. Clients will pay more for simple to utilize devices, and sensors are no exemptions. Consequently, the best UI is "no UI" when sensors are required to work without anyone else's input once they are associated. (Rayes, A. Salam, S., 2017). 2.Twisting Pair Cable - Twisted pair cable can be used for communications in telephone as well as in Ethernet networks. A couple of wires frames a circuit that can transmit information. The sets are twisted to give the protection against crosstalk, the commotion produced by adjoining sets. When there is flow of current in the wire, a small magnetic field is created in the wire. When two wires are put very close to each other, their attractive fields are the correct inverse of each other. Hence, these magnetic field cancel each other. Utilizing cancelation together with twisting wires, link designers can successfully give self-protecting to wire pairs inside the network system. The speed and throughput of twisted pair cables ranges from 10 1000 Mbps. The distance between node and hub can be approximately 100 meters to 328 feet. Exposed cabling can be dangerous, so it is covered with protected material. The protected cable would be resistant to any electrical attractive obstruction cr eated from the power link situated in a similar pathway. Being nominal cost, it is being used to great extent. Eg: Common types of Unshielded Twist Pair (UTP) are: Category1 It is used for telephone communication but not good for transmitting data. Category2 It is used to transmit data with a speed of 4Mbps. Category3 It is used in 10BASE T networks. Its bandwidth is 10Mbps. (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2003). Coaxial Cable - Coaxial cable seems to be like the link used to deliver the TV signals. A strong center copper wire keeps running down the center of the link. Around that strong center copper wire is a layer of protection, and covering that protection is metal thwart, which shields against electromagnetic interference. A last layer of protection covers the plaited wire. The transmission capacity for coaxial cable is 10 Mbps. The most extreme length of cable is 2 feet or less. Its price range from $30 to $50 for 300 meters. Hard Line Coaxial cable It is used for high signal strength applications having radio transmitters. It is mainly preferred for heavy signal transmission due to its thickness. RG-6 Coaxial Cables It is used for high definition signals like cable TV or any other signal. (Thomas, J., 2017). Thick coaxial cables - Thick coaxial link is also known as thicknet. 10Base5 alludes to the details for thick coaxial link that delivers Ethernet signals. The 5 alludes to the greatest fragment length being 500 meters. Thick coaxial link has an additional shielded plastic cover that helps keep dampness far from the inside conductor. This settles on thick coaxial an incredible decision when running longer lengths in a linear bus network. One weakness of thick coaxial is that it doesn't twist effortlessly and is hard to install. (Dr. Winkelman, R., 2013). Fiber Optic Cable - Fiber optic cable deliver communication signals utilizing pulses of light produced by small lasers or light-emanating diodes (LEDs). Fiber links evaluated at 10 Gbps, 40 Gbps and even 100 Gbps are standard. Fiber is less vulnerable to impedance. A customary system link requires exceptional protecting to protect it from electromagnetic obstruction. While this protecting causes, it is not adequate to counteract impedance when many links are hung together in closeness to each other. It cost $6 per feet. (Mitchell, B., 2017). Single Fiber Optic Cable - Single Mode link is a single stand (most applications utilize 2 fibers) of glass fiber with a distance across of 8.3 to 10 microns that has one method of transmission. Single Modem fiber is utilized as a part of numerous applications where information is sent at multi-frequency (WDM Wave-Division-Multiplexing) so just a single link is required. Single-mode fiber gives a higher distance than multimode, yet it additionally costs more. Multi-Mode Cable - Multi-Mode link has small diameter with a typical diameter in the 50-to-100 micron for the light carry component (in the US the most widely recognized size is 62.5um). Multimode fiber gives you high transfer speed of 10 to 100MBS - Gigabit to 275m to 2km over medium distance. Light waves are scattered into various ways, or modes, as they go through the link normally 850 or 1300nm. Multimode fiber diameter across are 50, 62.5, and 100 micrometers. (MacChesney, J., n.d). Step Index - They are generally cheap as well as they have the greatest scope of center diameter across: fundamentally from 50 m up to 2 mm. The material might be plastic, fluid or glass. (Ovejabiennera, 2009). The three common ways to obtain information from IoT devices are sensors, RFID and Video tracking. Compare the three technologies by addressing the advantages, disadvantages, key requirements for the things. Provide two applications of each. Sensors RFID Video Tracking Advantages It provides more accurate reading. These devices constantly monitor the details available. These devices do not require humans for its operation. Sensors immediately respond to the information. RFID tag ought not be in LOS to influence the framework to work. As compared to barcodes, labels can store more data. In addition it takes after reader's commands. It gives area to the peruser with the ID. RFID labels are utilized for tracking baggage and in addition for checking wellbeing history of patients. RFID innovation is flexible in nature and henceforth small as well as bigger RFID gadgets are accessible according to application. Its execution does not rely upon nature of the protest recognition process. The principle idea of this tracker incorporates estimation, multi-highlights comparability measures and direction sifting. It helps to detect the crime. Disadvantages In case of any fault in the device, they provide wrong result. Eg: In reverse parking of car, when sensor become dirty, they dont find any type of obstacle. Their operating range is very limited. (ICT Lounge, n.d). Dynamic RFID is exorbitant because of utilization of batteries. The main concern is privacy with the utilization of RFID on items as it can be effortlessly captured. RFID gadgets should be modified which requires enough time. Use of RFID innovation at inventory and for other such applications prompt loss of occupations for incompetent worker. (RF Wireless tutorials, n.d). The main issue is privacy. The tracking system are expensive. These devices are vulnerable. Key Requirements An essential detecting component; Excitation control; Intensification (variable gain); Analog filtering; Information transformation; Cost; Computerized data handling; Computerized data communication; and Power supply. (National academy of science, 2017). Application high frequency Quality Playback Export Recording (Library archives, n.d). Applications IR Sensors are used in TV remotes. Passive Infrared sensors are used automatic doors. Hospitals use RFID to track their patients. It can be used in reducing medicinal error for patients. Traffic monitoring Retail security for the staff Industrial monitoring Discuss the issues associated with security and privacy in the context of the Internet of Things. Security Risks 1. It enables unauthorized access and abuse of individual data; (2) It encourages assaults on different frameworks; and (3) It creates threat to the individual safety. Privacy Concerns - Some of the privacy risks include the immediate collection of sensitive individual data, for example, exact geolocation, financial accounting data, or wellbeing data hazards as of now introduced by customary Internet and versatile business. Others emerge from the accumulation of individual data, propensities, areas, and physical conditions over time, which may permit an element that has not gathered sensitive data to derive it. (FTC staff report, 2015). An IoT water level monitoring application requires updates from a sensor periodically, using the command/response paradigm. The application triggers a request every 1 s. The round-trip propagation delay between the application and the sensor is 12 ms. On average the sensor consumes 3 ms to process each request. The application consumes 2 ms to send or receive any message. If the application blocks on every request to the sensor, how much of its time budget can be saved by redesigning the application to use the publish/subscribe communication model in lieu of the command/response approach? If the application blocks on every request to the sensor, the time budget which can be saved by redesigning the application can be 17ms for each request. Describe Nielson's Law. How does it relate to Moore's Law? What are the implications for the Internet of Thing? It states that the high end user connection speed increases with 50% each year. The dots in the graph demonstrate the different speeds with which we have associated with the internet, from an early acoustic 300 bps modem in 1984 to an ISDN line. It is astonishing how intently the exact information fits the exponential development curve for the half annualized development expressed by Nielsen's law. Nielsen's law is like the more established Moore's law. By looking at the two laws represents that transmission capacity develops slower than system power. Moore's law says that systems are double in abilities like 18 months, which compares to around 60% yearly development Implications - Transfer speed is one of the two most critical components in processing, since computational rates are more than for non-designing undertakings. Website composition needs to take into account the majority. No one but once in a while a site can be effective in the event that it is gone for the most developed 10% of clients. (Nielson, J., 1998). References Advantages of RFID | Disadvantages of RFID. RF Wireless tutorials (n.d). Retrieved from - https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/Advantages-and-Disadvantages-of-RFID.html CCNA: Network Media Types. Cisco Systems, Inc. (2003). Retrieved from - https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=31276 Dr. Winkelman, R. (2013). Chapter - 4 Cabling. Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Retrieved from - https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm Internet of things - privacy security in a connected world. FTC staff report (2015). Retrieved from - https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/federal-trade-commission-staff-report-november-2013-workshop-entitled-internet-things-privacy/150127iotrpt.pdf Introduction to sensors. National academy of science (2017). Retrieved from - https://www.nap.edu/read/4782/chapter/4#16 MacChesney, J. (n.d). The basics of fiber optic cable. Retrieved from - https://www.arcelect.com/fibercable.htm Mitchell, B. (2017). What Is a Fiber Optic Cable? Retrieved from - https://www.lifewire.com/fiber-optic-cable-817874 Nielson, J. (1998). Nielsen's Law of Internet Bandwidth. Retrieved from - https://www.nngroup.com/articles/law-of-bandwidth/ Operational requirements for CCTV systems. Library archives (n.d). Retrieved from - https://www.dipolnet.com/operational_requirements_for_cctv_systems_bib702.htm Ovejabiennera (2009). Types of optical fibres. Retrieved from - https://spectroscopy.wordpress.com/2009/04/19/types-of-optical-fibres/ Rayes, A. Salam, S. (2017). Internet of Things From Hype to Reality: The Road to Digitization. Supringer International Publishing AG - 2017. Sensors. ICT Lounge (n.d). Retrieved from - https://www.ictlounge.com/html/sensors.htm Thomas, J. (2017). Coaxial cables, Twisted Pair STP and UTP cables, Twisted Pair Cable Categories (CAT). Retrieved from - https://www.omnisecu.com/basic-networking/common-network-cable-types.php Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-28420584138017439882019-12-04T05:48:00.001-08:002019-12-04T05:48:05.642-08:00Investigatory Project Essay Sample free essay sample The aim of the first portion of the survey was to happen the best ratio of ink utilizing C from used batteries and wood coal as pigments. The ink was evaluated on the footing of how much pigment is suspended in the mixture and their shelf life. The 2nd portion was aimed at the production of C paper. The best sorts of ink were tested on two mediums. voucher bond and onion tegument. They were besides tested for efficiency in footings of the figure of coatings needed. The C paper was evaluated on the footing of lucidity. spruceness of the print and general acceptableness. The concluding sample made usage of two coatings of the ink mixture utilizing C black. with voucher bond as the medium. The pigment ( carbon black ) to vehicle ( glycerin ) ratio of 1 g: 6 milliliter and 1 g: 7 milliliter was used utilizing C black as pigment with glycerin as vehicle. Although the commercial bond paper has better quality. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigatory Project Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page since it uses more technologically advanced methods. the usage of the experimental C paper was acceptable. INTRODUCTION Carbon paper has many utilizations. It has a high demand in schools. offices and other establishments. The ink used in the production of commercial C paper is expensive due to its high production costs. Because of its high cost and increasing demand. there arises a demand for a cheaper replacement. The survey besides aims to assist cut down the jobs in disposing used batteries by be printed ; and ( 5 ) nature of pigment. Glycerol is syrupy and is easy absorbed by paper and. therefore. makes it a good vehicle. Burned wood is a good beginning of wood coal. Batteries have black atoms called black mix. which is chiefly composed of C black. acetylene black doing good usage of them. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Ink is a mixture of vehicle ( liquid constituent and dissolver ) . pigment ( colourising affair ) and other substances added to leave particular qualities such as a binder. Carbon is normally used as pigment because of its low oil soaking up. easiness of scattering and low scratch to plate ware. Carbon is chemically inert and infusible at atmospheric force per unit area. which makes it an indispensable portion in the black pigment used in books. magazines. newspapers. C paper. etc. Two good beginnings of pigments that are carbonous in nature are wood coal and the black mix found in used batteries. These beginnings are much cheaper than the usual black pigments such as C black in black lead and carbon black. In order for the pigment to thoroughly dissolve with the vehicle. the pigment must be pulverized to really all right atoms. The pigment affects the belongingss of ink such as rubric and opacity. The vehicle on the other manus must accommodate the undermentioned conditions: ( 1 ) the printing system used ; ( 2 ) category and velocity ; ( 3 ) drying imperativeness required ; ( 4 ) category and texture of the surface to Coconut oil and dextrin were tested for their possible as ink binders. Harmonizing to the consequences. coconut oil was a better binder than dextrin. METHODOLOGY Black mix was obtained by opening the protective lodging of a drycell battery and exposing its C content. Then. the black mix was removed and land into really all right atoms utilizing a howitzer and stamp. Afterwards. it was sieved through a all right screen to obtain the finest consistence. On the other manus. wood coal was besides finely pulverized. It was so assorted with H2O and placed in a one-litre beaker. The mixture was allowed to settle for two yearss inside the covered and manganese dioxide. The Cs obtained from both beginnings are carbonous in nature. doing them good beginnings of black pigm ent. After two yearss. the wood coal pigments were heated to let vaporization of extra wet. In fixing the ink. the wood coal and C black pigments were combined with glycerin ( vehicle ) and coconut oil ( binder ) in different proportions runing from 1 g: 10 milliliter: 1 milliliter ( pigment: vehicle: binder ratio ) to 2 g: 14 milliliter: 2 milliliter. The solution was exhaustively assorted utilizing a stirring rod until wholly dispersed. Finally. the mixture was heated for five ( 5 ) proceedingss under medium heat and was allowed to chill down before rating. The best ratio utilizing each pigment was so compared to find which ink is more suited for C paper production. The samples were RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The onion paper appeared to be excessively thin to be used as a medium because it has the inclination to be torn even after one coating. The voucher bond was proven to be the better option. It takes five ( 5 ) proceedingss for a solution with a ratio of 1 gm ( pigment ) : 6 milliliter ( vehicle ) to dry up. The solution with a ratio of 1g: 7 milliliters took six ( 6 ) proceedingss to dry. The sample which used two coatings was proven to be most practical. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The experimental C paper is acceptable plenty to be used as a replacement for commercial C paper. The experiment was able to turn out that the pigment obtained from battery C is better and cheaper than those from wood coal. Evaluated for smoothness. consistence. and soaking up. The ink samples. runing from one to four coatings. were applied on the onion tegument and voucher bond. The different C documents were tested and observed for their drying clip. soundness and lucidity of print. After finding the best sample. a study was conducted on 20 pupils utilizing the experimental C paper and a commercial C paper. Research workers: Jonas Don Castelo Lloyd Gonzales Marcelino Quito. Jr. Miss Juanita Cruz Research Adviser Note: No portion of this article may be used or reproduced in any signifier whatsoever without written permission from the Philippine Science High School. Diliman. Quezon City. except in the instance of brief commendation as embodied in the Torahs of scientific articles and reappraisals. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-16348174708165151382019-11-27T23:34:00.001-08:002019-11-27T23:34:07.114-08:00Catch-22 Essays (671 words) - Catch-22, Doc Daneeka, Yossarian, Orr Catch-22 In Catch-22, Joseph Heller reveals the perversions of the human character and society. Using various themes and a unique style and structure, Heller satirizes war and its values as well as using the war setting to satirize society at large. By manipulating the classic war setting and language of the novel Heller is able to depict society as dark and twisted. Heller demonstrates his depiction of society through the institution of war (i.e. it's effects and problems during and after war). Hellers satire of war and his anti war themes evoke pleasure and disquietude to show the mess of war, the victimization of the conscripts, and the monstrous egotism of the top brass. Catch-22 shows how the individual soldier loses his uniqueness not as much from the battlefield like other novels set during a war, but from the bureaucratic mentality. An example of this Lt. Scheisskopf's obsession with parades that he sees the men more as puppets than as human beings. At one point in the novel, he even wants to wire them together so their movements will be perfectly precise--just as mindless puppets would be. This theme also appears when Colonel Cathcart keeps increasing the number of missions his squadron must fly--not for military purposes, but to solely enhance his prestige. One other example of this theme is in the novel, when Yossarian is wounded. He is told to take better care of his leg because it is government property. Soldiers, therefore, are not even people, but simply property that can be listed on an inventory. In a bureaucracy, as Heller shows, individuality does not matter. In form, Catch-22 is a social satire--it is a novel using absurd humor to discredit or ridicule aspects of our society. The target in Catch-22 is not just the self-serving attitudes of some military officers, but also the Air Force itself as a mad military bureaucracy. The humor in the novel along with descriptive styles such as: Doc Daneeka, roosted dolorously like a shivering turkey buzzard; the mountains, blanketed in a mesmerizing quiet, Yossarian, wet with the feeling of warm slime, lavender gloom clouding the entrance of the operations tent These descriptive styles help depart from pure realism--they serve to transcend physical reality by making sensations metaphors for states of mind and by attributing unusual qualities to objects, making the reader take a second look at familiar objects and feelings. These help to create new and altered perceptions of the world--common in satires as they try to solve the problem being satirized by having those satirized (the human character) realize its faults. One example of the absurd humor are the deaths of some of the men. The war kills men in both expected and unexpected ways--some die through anti-aircraft fire, while others did in odd ways; Clevingers plane disappeared in the clouds; Dunbar simply disappears from the hospital; and Sampson is killed by a propeller of one of the bombers. This departure from pure realism (i.e. the exaggeration, the grotesque, the comic-like characters, the unusual deaths) is aimed to first make the reader laugh, then look back at horror at what am used them--and this is the technique Heller applies to satirize society. Catch-22 is the principle that informs the military-economic machine, giving it power and making war possible in the first place. It is the law that says what it commands is right because it is commanded, and the illogical must be done because the command says it is logical. Catch-22 is the untouchable power that has usurped mans control over his own life and handed it over to an institution that manufactures fatal and incredible death traps. Heller gives us the feeling that this power could possibly be beyond even the institution that uses it. An abstraction can be evoked any time we find man subjugated to the absurd- it is reason, we would be told for his subjugation . . . Book Reports Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-77817872830108470952019-11-24T07:09:00.001-08:002019-11-24T07:09:02.700-08:00Desertification Climate Change or Human Influences EssaysDesertification Climate Change or Human Influences Essays Desertification Climate Change or Human Influences Essay Desertification Climate Change or Human Influences Essay The Sahara is the largest of the deserts on the planet and expands from the west to east coast of northern Africa. Inhabitants have evolved to survive the harsh climate of the desert, however they now have to cope with the sprawl of the Sahara into the Sahel Desertification. There are contrasting opinions on the overall cause of the land degradation; some believe it is due mostly to the influence of humans and others consider changes in the climate to be primarily responsible for the spread of the desert. There are four main human interactions that are said to lead to desertification: overcultivation, overgrazing, deforestation and poor irrigation. These are influenced by population change and changes in social and economic conditions. Alan Grainger, author of Desertification: How people make deserts, how people can stop, and why they dont , is a strong believer in the irresponsibility of mans actions in the spread of the desert. He states Drought triggers off a crisis, but does not itself cause desertification In northern Africa, there is a high population growth (Mali NI=3%). With an escalating population there will be more need to intensify demand on farmland for various crops to be cultivated such as rice and cassava. This leads to several problems that put increased strain on the land. Some of these difficulties include a decline in the fertility of the soil, therefore each time crops are grown they become less successful until they will no longer grow and the land becomes useless, a desert. Also, the topsoil will become crusty by the evaporation of the little rain, which will then increase surface run-off for when it does rain, eroding the soil by gullying. In the 1960s a large-scale development of groundnuts in the Sahel is said to be significantly responsible for the drought of the early 1970s, as thought by Richard Franke and Barbara Chasin (Montclair State College, New Jersey, USA). Constant harvesting of the large areas of groundnuts due to encouragement from developed countries, like France with whom they could exchange this product for staple foodstuffs greatly reduced the amount of fallow land. This meant that nomads who had previously used the land for grazing had to move north where the grazing is then intensified, further increasing the rate of desertification. This political tie exacerbated a fragile situation. Farmers in the Sahel also cause problems when they graze livestock, mainly goats and cattle. Short-term sedentarisation produces overgrazing, especially when concentrated along walkways and water holes. The walkways are required to transport cattle from each settlement since new grassy land has to be found for the livestock when the essential resources end. This nomadic way of life increases the rate of land degradation by placing pressure on the land and the water resources. Overgrazing leads to a number of problems such as a decline in palatable grass species, especially perennials, which are good at holding the soil together and prevents erosion by rain or wind. Overgrazing is indeed a major cause of desertification Irrigation schemes were set up to help stem the problem of desertification. However, these were not managed properly causing further problems. A chain reaction occurs if there is bad irrigation that is summarised in figure 2. Saline soils have good structure and are fairly easily leached but can be reclaimed. Alkaline soils are very compacted and are not good at leaching. This means that the surface becomes difficult for roots of shrubs and trees to penetrate and the land is hard to reclaim. Deforestation is another one of humans influences on environmental change. In the Sahel four million hectares of trees are harvested every year. With deforestation, water evaporates from the soil, is drawn up by capillary rise, leading to a fall in the water table, leaving the topsoil dry and susceptible to wind-erosion. Richard St Barbe Barker, founder of The Men of The Trees Organisation shows concern over the effect of deforestation on desertification and says that When trees go, deserts come. Figure 2. Many authors consider land degradation to be caused by global warming and regional climate change. Tereba Togola, a Malian resident is one of these authors and asserts that climate change has taken place for thousands of years and the recent drought in the Sahel is just another one of the many cycles. Togola describes the climate patterns of 4500 years ago, when there were growing oscillations of aridity where dry periods were becoming more frequent. This brought on a period of desertification throughout the Saharan and Sahelian area. Many of the lakes in the region Lake Bosumtwi became dry as a result of the higher temperatures and diminishing amount of rainfall. Large southward population movements to the wetter granite massifs of the Adrar Des Iforas occurred due to the worsening weather conditions. With them, they brought the desert conditions. The sever weather conditions forced them to overgraze and overcultivate the land until it turned to desert where subsequently they had had to move even further south, continuing to erode the land. Authors McIntosh and Tainter illustrate that droughts can be connected with various natural phenomena. An increase in sea level pressure around the Azores and northern Sahara consequently creates increased anticyclonic activity and augmented winter northeasterly trades, pushing the ITCZ south. If the ITCZ moves south to the warmer southern hemisphere, the subtropical high-pressure area of the Hadley cell dominates the Sahel for much of the year, leading to drier weather and consequently the land degrades. The climate in the Sahel fluctuates greatly from generation to generation causing implications for the people dwelling there. McIntosh and Tainter say the precipitation variance prevents cultivators from having a regular growing pattern and having to move around to find suitable land. Another natural method of desertification is Sahelian fires that smoulder each year around March and April. These use the parched grasslands as a means of transportation to the surrounding area, destroying all vegetation in its path. The fires can actually be used to control the land by clearing it to produce improved land for grazing potential. Scientists at NASA say Benefits outweighed by the negative impacts f fires on soil fertility, leading to long-term declines in productivity. It could be said that researchers have failed to determine the definite cause of the degradation. However, both causes physical and human can lead to desertification. It seems possible that Alan Graingers theory is most convincing and is worth taking into account; climate change does not actually cause desertification but accelerates the degrad ation process by human reaction to it. Changes in climate have occurred for millennia leading to increased aridity and the evaporation of lakes in the desert area. The Spearmans Rank Correlation Coefficient on the appendix sheet shows if there is a relationship between area of the desert and agricultural population, and area of the desert and rainfall anomaly. Table 1 shows that there is not a statistical relationship and human population has no effect on the size of the desert. Table 2 shows a statistical relationship between the amount of rainfall. Although the spearman rank (appendix 1) illustrates that there is a connection, it is doubtful that rainfall deficiency is the individual cause. The climate has a strong influence on human actions and in this case humans have had to react to the climate change to sustain a good standard of living, which subsequently leads desertification. Therefore, climate manipulates the way of life of the people but it is the inhabitants themselves that cause the degradation by their exploitation of the land due to their intense farming methods and constant rhythmical travels in the Sahara. If humans were not to use the land so intensively it may have a chance to replenish before the severe drought approaches. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-48572011118777009152019-11-21T06:51:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:51:13.216-08:00Gods Eye View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsGods Eye View - Essay Example The need to explain religious beliefs and culture of people results in the notion of Godââ¬â¢s eye view. In the Iliad, every action of mankind was under the influence of a god. Zeus exerts influence upon a Trojan warrior to wound Melaneus and, thus, to break the truce existing between Greeks and Troy; Poseidon intervenes in the war and protects the Greeks from slaughter (Paley, 35). Homer managed to bring out the religious culture of the Greeks and the names of their gods.An analysis of the subject-object principle is essential in order to effectively describe this concept. An examination of human experience should be done, and a conclusion made on what is subjective and objective (Trigg, 51). The notion of subject-objective principle arises from the knowledge that the world consists of objects which are seen and subjects who are mainly observers. As observers, subjects possess knowledge and they can explain any circumstance facing the community.In the Iliad, Homer plays a subject ive role. He is an observer and, therefore, he gives out an analysis of the roles of the Trojan conflict. The Greeks and the gods are the objects. Home sees them and, thus, analyses their roles in the conflict. In describing this notion, the principles of subject and object need to be put in consideration. The world, as construed in the Iliad, is governed by the gods. The Greek gods were part and parcel of the Greeksââ¬â¢ way of life, and this is portrayed in the Trojan War where gods fought on different sides. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-91401276151315645712019-11-20T07:45:00.001-08:002019-11-20T07:45:07.659-08:00Economic liberals argue that ecomonic exchange is a positive-sun game EssayEconomic liberals argue that ecomonic exchange is a positive-sun game - Essay Example These two explain the prevailing capitalistic economic exchange in opposing light. The former upholds the capitalistic ideal while the latter criticize it based on the argument that it such exchange is a breeding ground of exploitation and inequality. Although both of these schools have valid arguments, this paper will argue that the liberal point of view holds more legitimate positions than Marxism in explaining the economic exchange in the capitalist system. Free Market The fundamental features of a capitalist economy are right to private property, profit-motive, freedom of choice, market forces, and minimal role of government. It promotes individualism and is consisted of individual units like workers, people, capitalists, consumers and firms and that social forces determine the formation of a capitalist economy. A critical aspect of capitalism that is relevant to the subject of this investigation is the labor market. In this case, individuals play an important role in the exchang e of goods. First, they are incapable to produce what they need and what they consume. This is the reason why a highly specialized division of labor emerged so that people rely on others, particularly, the producers, in order to survive. Callero explained that when someone is looking for a job in a capitalist economy, that individual is engaging in a capitalistic exchange using his skill and abilities as a commodity to be traded for wage, which is necessary in the procurement of food, shelter, clothing and other goods (25). The labor market also collectively demonstrates the flow of goods in capitalism and depicts several capitalistic principles. If there is excess in the labor force, unemployment and low wage emerge as a result. The implication of this situation demonstrates two important points. First is that the unemployed or the labor force in general will be engaged in fierce competition for the scarce work and this is often characterized by enhancing competitive advantage (Tod orova 31). Finally, there is the profit motive characteristic wherein people engaging in the economic exchange, especially the producers, operate with profit and self-interest as their primary concern. Each individual, grouping and organization relegate concern for others or the society secondary to their own interests. At first glance, this appears cruel and unjust but economists argue that emphasizing profit is a driving force behind free market economies. It functions as a reward for people, entrepreneurs, and organizations who work hard, invest time and money, take risks and innovate. According to Mink, profit, which critics such as those coming from the Marxist school assails, is behind efficiency in production because it is behind ââ¬â through competition ââ¬â the efforts of economic actors to constantly innovate (125). The Marxist Criticism Karl Marxââ¬â¢s investigation of the late twentieth-century capitalism resulted in several important criticisms to the economi c system. But these criticisms are based on an important Marxist theory, the theory of exploitation and inequality. Here, an unequal exchange develops between workers and capitalists. Solimano explains: While the workersââ¬â¢ only asset is labor (in flow terms, ââ¬Å"labor powerâ⬠), capitalists are in advantageous position due to ownership of the productive capital that allows them to organize Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-36601946653081981162019-11-17T21:52:00.001-08:002019-11-17T21:52:03.670-08:00Delivery and Quality in Bar and Restaurant EssayDelivery and Quality in Bar and Restaurant - Essay Example According to the discussionà DINESERV was redefined from SERVQUAL after Stevens, Knutson and Patton adapted it the tool to the restaurant industry using their acquired experience and knowledge of drafting the LODGSERV. The scholars thus went ahead to use the tool to measure consumer customerââ¬â¢s expectations concerning the quality of service they received in three segments of restaurants vis-à -vis, casual, fine dining and quick service. They identified the service quality dimensions that were almost similar to those of SERVQUAL except that their order of preference and importance was different. According to DINESERV, the five dimensions of quality services were as follows; reliability, tangibles, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy. The five dimensions were to measure and examine the level of perceptions and expectations in relation to restaurant services such as fine dining restaurants and airport food services.From this paper it is clear that aà research done in Zagr eb city in Croatia using the DINESERV in restaurants revealed that customers` expectations are higher than their perceptions. In this research, a number of questionnaires were distributed to 12 restaurants in the city where the restaurant`s staff helped in distributing the questionnaires to the customers who participated in the study. The data was analysed using the SPSS while the descriptive method was used data to analyse the demographic profiles of respondents and the evaluation of their expectations and perceptions. Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1377908845171562644.post-51212182055940965192019-11-15T10:24:00.001-08:002019-11-15T10:24:09.651-08:00Introduction Marketing Communication Definition Marketing EssayIntroduction Marketing Communication Definition Marketing Essay Belch defined Integrated marketing communication as a strategic business process used to plan, develop, execute and evaluate coordinated, measurable, persuasive brand communication programs with consumers, customers, prospects employees and other relevant external and internal audiences (Defining IMC). On the other hand, Fill (2009) defined Marketing communications as a management process through which an organization engages with its various audiences (p. 54). According to Fill (2009), the use of the word integrated refers to the use of various strategies in marketing communications. What is marketing communication audit A marketing communication audit involves the research of how successful are the companys internal and external communications (Thomas, 2008) to enhance the performance of the organization by identifying weaknesses and ways to improve it. Brief description of the company: Louis Vuitton History of the company Louis Vuitton (LV) is a luxury brand which was founded by Louis Vuitton in 1854 in Paris (Diniz, 2009). From then onwards, it has grown to become one of the most well known luxury brands in the world. Today, its product line includes luggages, bags, watches, shoes, jewelleries, and many more items (Diniz, 2009). Strength of the brand Husic and Cicic (2009) claimed that the customers of today have more disposable income, making them more attracted to luxury products. This claim is supported by Kapferer (2012) who agreed, saying that the performance of LV has shown promising growth. Apparently, the company seems to have a lot of potential for further development. The brand also has its own loyal customer base. These customers make decisions to buy the products of the company through a decision-making process which in theory is called the Consumer Decision Process Model shown below. Need recognition Search for information Pre-purchase evaluation of alternatives Purchase Consumption Post-consumption evaluation Divestment Source: Blackwell, Miniard Engel, 2006 Figure 1 The Consumer Decision Process Model Statistic /Plan The economic downturn has affected businesses worldwide, especially those which are luxury goods (Berman Evans, 2010). 56 percent of adults in a survey involving 2,700 consumers from Europe said that they would reduce optional spending by 12 percent on average (Berman Evans, 2010). This can lead to a serious problem for LV if its customers are affected. On the contrary, a study by Nunes, Drà ¨ze and Young (2011) revealed the opposite, showing improvements in LVs performance in the face of recession. This can be attributed to the companys effective marketing communication strategies. Context analysis Internal Factors Company analysis LV has built an international reputation for outstanding quality, creativity and craftsmanship in the duration of five generations (Fujiwara, 2007, p. 1). Maintaining the authenticity of the past while at the same time forecasting the future has been pivotal in the company values (Fujiwara, 2007). Today, the brand has outlets all over the world (Kapferer, 2012). Product analysis LV products include handbags, luggages, purses, jewelleries, and others. The issue here is the vulnerability of its products to counterfeits. Almost 99 percent are counterfeits (OFlaherty, 2008). Thus, the company has taken several steps to curb this problem by implementing the Principle to Eliminate Counterfeiting which includes distribution of warning notices and registration of trademarks (Shiganawa, 2008). However, these strategies are not always successful because the root problems are not tackled. External Factors Environmental factors Delpal (2011) reported an increase from 72 billion euros in 1994 to 168 billion euros in 2010 in luxury goods sales, making the yearly growth 5 percent on average. The growth of the luxury market has led to the entrance of many luxury fashion brands, increasing the competition (Kim Ko, 2011). Therefore, LV should design competitive marketing strategies. Competitor analysis LV has many competitors such as Hermà ¨s, Dior, and Gucci. Hermà ¨s expanded its operations by employing more craftsmen and acquiring several companies of French origin (Delpal, 2011). On the other hand, Delpal (2011) reported that Dior, Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent eliminated most license agreements to have better control of its operations. Then, LV launched several production units to keep up with increasing demands (Delpal, 2011). These strategies employed by luxury brands show that the companies sometimes do replicate the marketing strategies of its competitors competitively. Objective / Goal of the company The goal LV is to be the undisputed leader of the luxury goods sector (LVMH Codes of Conduct, 2010, p. 5). This objective is backed up by the values shared by the company employees: (a) Innovation and creativity: because our future success will come from the renewal of our product offering while respecting the roots of our Houses. (b)Excellence of products and services: because we embody what is most noble and accomplished in the artisan world. (c)Brand image enhancement: because our brands represent an extraordinary asset, a source of dreams and ambitions. (d) Entrepreneurship: because this guarantees our ability to react and our motivation to create and seize opportunities. (e) Leadership-Be the best: because it is through continually excelling that we accomplish the best and achieve the best results. Source: LVMH Code of Conduct, 2010. What is the need for organizational objectives? Yip (2007) mentioned that it provides a sense of direction and focus, maximizing the potential for long term success. What is the promotional objective and strategies of the company? The general promotional objective of the companies is to build a luxury brand image so that the brand is associated with luxury among its customers (LVMH Codes of Conduct, 2010). What is the relationship of corporate strategy and promotional objective The promotional strategy is closely related to the corporate strategy of LV because it is derived from the overall objective of the company which is to become the leading luxury goods company. The company utilizes the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely) (Yip, 2007) guidelines to create its five core values. Budget and other resources Finocchiaro (2010) reported that the company increased its total advertising expenditure in 2010 by 57 percent from 2009 to 2010. This major increase may be attributed to a rebound from the bad economic conditions in 2009. It was also mentioned that in 2010, from the month of January to June, $ 22 million was allocated for advertising, compared to $ 14 million of the last year (Finocchiaro, 2010). This is a promising development in keeping up with the competitive environment. What are the differences between sales and communication-based objectives? Sales based objectives are more concerned with the bottom line of the company and short term profits of the company whereas communication based objectives focus on building a favorable image of the company (Berman Evans, 2010; Kotler Armstrong, 2008). Message Strategy of the company LV utilizes newspapers and magazines to display image ads as a pull strategy rather than aggressive ads which uses the push strategy to attracts customers (Shiganawa, 2008). Source: Kotler Armstrong (2008) Figure 3 Push versus Pull Promotion Strategy The push strategy pushes the product to consumers while the pull strategy creates consumer demands for a product through marketing activities (Riley, 2012). Accordingly, LV has a principle of avoiding mass advertising such as television commercials to build its image as a luxury good (Shiganawa, 2008). Target Audiences What is the target market According to Diniz (2009), the target market of LV is males and females between the ages 30 to 50 years old, with income of à £35, 000 or more. The company also targets graduates and professionals with sense of self worth and novelty seekers (Diniz, 2009, target segmentation). Plus, the company focuses on people who value luxury brands as a symbol of status as well as those who respond to peer pressure (Nunes, Drà ¨ze Young, 2011). Consequently, the feedback of these customers is important in order to evaluate the effectiveness of marketing efforts towards one of the most important goals which is customer satisfaction. What is the feedback from customers The figure below shows the least things that customers like about shopping at LV based on a survey of 2,318 respondents from all over the world (Lee, 2009). Source: Lee, 2009. Figure 2 What do you Like the Least about the Louis Vuitton Shopping Experience? From the figure, service is seen as the least thing customers like about the brand while the second least liked attribute is the price-value relationship. However, Lee claimed that the satisfaction of LV customers has little to do with the price-value relationship as customers who purchase the brand value the prestige of owning the brand, not its economical benefits. The survey also outlined several interviews with the customers of LV to obtain their feedbacks. One customer said I dont look like a typical LV customer, so the salespeople were in a hurry to have me out of their store as fast as possible while another customer remarked I guess I did not fit the image I was not wearing all labels(Lee, 2009, Voice of the Customer from Louis Vuitton Shoppers). Lee (2009) said that the brand focuses its promotional activities and services towards people who seem to embody the target market of the brand, which are people with high social status. Although this is a differentiation strategy w hich may benefit the company, it may have adverse effects in the long run if the company does not recognize that they have diverse clientele from various backgrounds, not necessarily high status. This may be because today, people who are average in terms of income level has changing needs and is moving more towards satisfying their wants for status rather than physiological needs. Marketing communication The aim of marketing communication (Brief) and role The aim of marketing communications is to engage the target audience in terms of processing rational information or emotional information (Fill, 2009). Dion and Arnould (2011) said that LV is more concerned with the emotional aspects of consumption, due to its association with luxury goods. However, Fill (2009) suggested that there should be a balance between both elements (rational and emotional) rather than focusing on solely one need. The promotion tools For LV, the focus of the promotional tools is more towards enhancing the brand image rather than directly generating sales. Advertising LV does not use mass advertising to create sales volume (Shiganawa, 2008). In fact, the company does not advertise in television commercials, which is one of the common ways of advertising. Television commercials are considered mass advertising. On the other hand, the company also uses magazines to display image ads. According to Laitinen (2009), this form of advertising is quite powerful because of its ability to be passed down to many people and retained in the magazine for a period of time. Personal selling According to Shiganawa (2008), LV values the richness of communication between sales persons and customers because then, they are able to communicate more effectively about the product information and other details which cant be achieved through mass advertising. Sales promotion Sales promotions are focused on creating value for money which involves tools such as coupons, deals, discounts and other means which create quick sales (Kotler Armstrong, 2008). However, LV has a principle of prohibiting bargain sales and selling in value sets due to its emphasize on quality rather than price (Shiganawa, 2008). This is related to the objective of LV which aims to become the leading luxury goods brand. Public relations Public relations are concerned with building trust of the public through sponsorships, events, features and others to form a good image for the company (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). As Fujiwara (2012) reported, 64 percent of luxury goods customers are in favor of socially responsible brands. Thus, LV puts great importance in being involved with the community. This is evident through the companys effort in constructing a forest in Japan, contributing scholarships in China, creating an arts course in London and making a playground in Russia (Fujiwara, 2007). The focus of its social responsibility activities towards local context shows how the company is aware of the needs of its local customers. Direct marketing The company markets the product by showing demonstrations on how to care for the products and providing relevant information face-to-face. This encourages feedback and enquiries can be made directly while receiving prompt responses. Intercultural Marketing communication It is advisable to take into consideration the local factors in carrying out marketing communication. LV demonstrated its ability to adapt to local context by organizing various marketing strategies to build public relations. For example, the company built 40 playgrounds in 30 Russian states through the Naked Heart Foundation, preserved the environment in Japan through the Louis Vuitton Forest through More Trees program, participated in fundraising activities in South Africa through the Mandela Rhodes foundation and other social responsibility programs in Thailand, Spain, China, France, and many other parts of the world (Fujiwara, 2007). This shows that the company pays attention about the happenings in different parts of the world and takes part in helping as part of it public relations effort. Problem statement of the Company The LV brand has the potential to increase its performance through various marketing communication tools. However, several issues must be highlighted. Nunes, Drà ¨ze and Young (2011) reported that the recession may have an adverse effect on the performance of businesses such as LV which emphasizes luxury. Another problem faced by the company is the wide availability of counterfeit products, an estimated of 99 percent which is a very high percentage of counterfeits (OFlaherty, 2008). Recommendation During recessions, the company can temporarily change its marketing strategies to reflect the changing market situation. For example, instead of prohibiting the placement of ads in televisions to reach the mass community, the company can employ this method to increase awareness and create new trend towards better value. Plus, the company can be more flexible towards its target audience to include younger generations who has increasing buying power as well as having the ability to generate greater word-of-mouth communications. In terms of combating counterfeit products, the company should reinforce the Principles Prohibiting Appraisal of Authenticity more strictly and adhere to the rules set by the companies themselves. Conclusion The LV company has a differentiated promotion strategy and is more selective in the way it conducts marketing activities such as ad placement, pricing, and others. This is important to build an exclusive brand image in line with its aim to become the leading luxury brand in the market. The company also avoids mass advertising to a certain extent and mainly aims to advertize to its target audience. However, the company still maintains good public relations through its socially responsible strategies. In conclusion, the planning of marketing communications is important and is mainly dependent on the key objective of the company. In the case of LV, it is to become the leading luxury brand. (2180 words) Mikehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13679435178568601178noreply@blogger.com0